Geography of India General Knowledge
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1. What is another name for the Archaean Era?
Ans: Precambrian Period |
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2. Approximately how much of Earths history does the Precambrian time constitute?
Ans: 86.7% |
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3. Who introduced the term "Archaean"?
Ans: J.D. Dana |
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4. In which year was the term "Archaean" introduced?
Ans: 1782 |
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5. What type of rocks are found in the Archaean system?
Ans: Azoic or unfossiliferous rocks |
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6. What is another name for the Archaean rocks?
Ans: Basement complex or fundamental gneisses |
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7. Which type of gneiss occurs in the Eastern Ghats, Orissa, and Jharkhand?
Ans: Bengal Gneiss |
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8. Where was the Bengal Gneiss first identified?
Ans: Midnapur district of West Bengal |
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9. Which type of gneiss is coarse-grained and looks like granite?
Ans: Bundelkhand Gneiss |
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10. Which type of gneiss was used for Job Charnocks tombstone in Kolkata?
Ans: Nilgiri Gneiss |
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11. In which states is the Nilgiri Gneiss widely found?
Ans: Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Karnataka, Kerala, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh |
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12. What types of minerals are found in Archaean rocks?
Ans: Iron ore, copper, manganese, mica, dolomite, lead, zinc, silver, gold |
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13. Which geological system extends from 2500 million years ago to 1800 million years ago?
Ans: Dharwar System |
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14. Where were the Dharwar rocks first studied in India?
Ans: Dharwar district of Karnataka |
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15. Which district is the Champion Series named after?
Ans: Champion reef in Kolar Gold Fields |
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16. Which Dharwarian series is known for deep gold mines?
Ans: Champion Series |
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17. Which Dharwarian series consists of quartzites, conglomerates, and marbles?
Ans: Champaner Series |
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18. Where is the Closepet Series located?
Ans: Balaghat and Chhindwara districts of Madhya Pradesh |
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19. Which copper plant receives ore from the Closepet Series?
Ans: Malanjkhand Copper Plant |
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20. Which Dharwarian series is found in Balaghat and Chhindwara districts of Madhya Pradesh?
Ans: Chilpi Series |
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21. Where is the Iron-Ore Series primarily found?
Ans: Singhbhum, Bonai, Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar |
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22. What is the estimated length of the Iron-Ore Series range?
Ans: 65 kilometers |
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23. What is the estimated iron ore reserve in the Iron-Ore Series?
Ans: Three thousand million tons |
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24. Which Dharwarian series occupies a large area in the Eastern Ghats?
Ans: Khondolite Series |
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25. Which series is also known as the Delhi Series?
Ans: Rialo Series |
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26. Where is the Sakoli Series found?
Ans: Jabalpur and Rewa districts |
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27. Which Dharwarian series is rich in quartzite, mica schist, and marble?
Ans: Sausar Series |
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28. Which geological system is named after a district in Andhra Pradesh?
Ans: Cuddapah System |
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29. What type of formations does the Cuddapah System consist of?
Ans: Sedimentary-metamorphic formations |
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30. Which major states contain the Cuddapah System formations?
Ans: Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Delhi, Lesser Himalayas |
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31. Which series of the Cuddapah System is named after a river in Andhra Pradesh?
Ans: Papaghani Series |
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32. What is the primary composition of the Papaghani Series?
Ans: Quartzites, sandstones, shales, slates, limestones, and marbles |
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33. Which series of the Cuddapah System contains metamorphosed limestone?
Ans: Papaghani Series |
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34. Which geological system contains building materials and stones for interior decoration?
Ans: Cuddapah System |
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35. Which mountain system derives its name from the Vindhyan Mountain?
Ans: The Vindhyan System |
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36. What major geographical feature does the Vindhyan Mountain separate?
Ans: The Ganga Plain and the Deccan Plateau |
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37. What is the approximate area covered by the Vindhyan System?
Ans: 103,600 sq km |
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38. Which fault separates the Vindhyan System from the Aravallis?
Ans: The Great Boundary Fault (GBF) |
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39. What is the main type of rock found in the Vindhyan System?
Ans: Red sandstone |
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40. Which historical buildings were constructed using red sandstone from the Vindhyan Ranges?
Ans: Qutab Minar, Humayuns Tomb, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra Fort, Red Fort, Jama-Masjid, Birla Mandir, Sanchi Stupa |
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41. Which two famous diamond mines are found in the Vindhyan System?
Ans: Panna and Golconda |
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42. Which rock formations are found in the Bhander Series?
Ans: Sandstones, shales, and limestone |
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43. Which districts are covered under the Bijwar Series?
Ans: Chhatarpur and Panna |
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44. What type of intrusion is found in the Bijwar Series that is rich in diamonds?
Ans: Basaltic intrusions |
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45. Which region is covered by the Kaimur Series?
Ans: Bundelkhand (U.P.) and Baghelkhand (M.P.) |
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46. What is the main characteristic of the Palaeozoic Era in terms of geology?
Ans: It marks the beginning of life on Earths surface. |
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47. What is another name for the Palaeozoic Era in the Indian Geological Time Scale?
Ans: The Dravidian Era |
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48. Where are formations from the Palaeozoic Era found in India?
Ans: Pir Panjal, Handwara, Lidder Valley, Anantnag, Spiti, Kangra, Shimla, Garhwal, Kumaun |
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49. What was the significant geological event during the Palaeozoic Era?
Ans: Breakup of Pangaea and formation of the Tethys Sea |
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50. Which type of rocks are found in the Cambrian period of the Palaeozoic Era?
Ans: Shales, sandstones, clays, quartzites, slates, salts, marble |
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51. What kind of deposits are found in the Gondwana formations?
Ans: Fluviatile and lacustrine deposits |
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52. During which period were the Gondwana formations deposited?
Ans: Upper Carboniferous Period |
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53. What is the geological significance of the Gondwana System?
Ans: It contains most of Indias coal deposits. |
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54. Which three periods are included in the Mesozoic Era?
Ans: Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous |
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55. Where are Lower Gondwana rocks found?
Ans: Talcher, Panchet, and Damuda series |
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56. What type of coal is mainly found in the Gondwana formations?
Ans: Bituminous and anthracite |
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57. Which iron ore is found in the iron-stone shales of the Raniganj coalfields?
Ans: Siderite and limonite |
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58. Which series of the Gondwana system is named after Talcher in Odisha?
Ans: Talcher Series |
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59. Which series of the Middle Gondwana Period contains enormous coal deposits?
Ans: Damuda Series |
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60. Where is Indias thickest coal seam, the Jhingurda Coal Seam, found?
Ans: Singrauli coalfield |
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61. Which hill gave its name to the Panchet Series?
Ans: Panchet Hill |
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62. Which geological event led to the formation of the Himalayas?
Ans: Tertiary mountain building |
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63. What happened to Gondwanaland during the Upper Carboniferous Period?
Ans: It developed fissures and began drifting apart. |
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64. What was the effect of the Deccan Trap eruption?
Ans: Large-scale lava flow covered parts of central and western India. |
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65. Which two major water bodies expanded during the Upper Carboniferous Period?
Ans: The Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal |
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66. Which period marks the beginning of the Ice Age in the geological timeline?
Ans: The Pleistocene Period |
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67. Which geological event contributed to the final shape of the Indian subcontinent?
Ans: Collision of the Indian Plate with the Eurasian Plate |
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68. What was the impact of the Upper Carboniferous Period on the Himalayan region?
Ans: The region was occupied by a vast geosyncline connected to the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. |
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69. What is the time span of the Cretaceous Period?
Ans: 146 million years ago to 65 million years ago |
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70. From which Latin word is the term "Cretaceous" derived, and what does it mean?
Ans: Creta, meaning "chalk" |
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71. Which geological feature in India was formed due to massive lava outpouring during the Cretaceous Period?
Ans: Deccan Trap |
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72. What major geological event marked the end of the Cretaceous Period in the Indian subcontinent?
Ans: Intense volcanic activity |
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73. Which states in India have extensive coverage of the Deccan Trap?
Ans: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka |
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74. What is the maximum thickness of the Deccan Trap along the Mumbai coast?
Ans: About 3000 meters |
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75. What are the sedimentary beds interbedded with lava flows in the Deccan Trap called?
Ans: Inter-trappean beds |
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76. Which minerals are found in the Deccan Trap region?
Ans: Quartz, bauxite, magnetite, agate, semi-precious stones, magnesium, carbonate, potash, phosphates |
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77. What does "Cenozoic" mean?
Ans: Recent life |
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78. What are the two periods of the Cenozoic Era?
Ans: Tertiary and Quaternary |
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79. What two major events occurred during the Tertiary Period?
Ans: Final breaking-up of Gondwana and the uplift of the Himalayas |
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80. What was the first phase of the Himalayan upheaval called, and when did it occur?
Ans: Eocene, about 65 million years ago |
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81. Which phase of the Himalayan upheaval led to the formation of the Lesser Himalayas?
Ans: Mid-Miocene, about 45 million years ago |
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82. What evidence suggests that the Himalayas are still rising?
Ans: Continuous tectonic activity and uplift |
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83. Which period saw the formation of the Northern Plains of India?
Ans: Pleistocene Period |
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84. What is the name of the basin underlying the Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra Plain?
Ans: Foredeep |
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85. Which period was marked by the Ice Age and widespread glaciation?
Ans: Pleistocene Period |
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86. What are "karewas" in the context of the Pleistocene Period?
Ans: Lacustrine deposits consisting of sands, clays, loams, silt, and boulders |
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87. Which region in India is known for karewas and saffron cultivation?
Ans: Kashmir Valley |
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88. Which rivers have terraces formed during the Pleistocene Period?
Ans: Narmada, Tapi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri |
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89. What are the four physiographic divisions of India based on tectonic history and stratigraphy?
Ans: The elevated Peninsular region, the mighty Himalayas and their associated young folded mountains, the Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra Plains, and the Coastal Plains and Islands. |
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90. During which geological period was Peninsular India a part of Gondwanaland?
Ans: Before the Carboniferous period. |
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91. Which geological formations provide evidence of block faulting and displacement in Peninsular India?
Ans: The Dharwar and Gondwana formations, along with the fault valleys of the Narmada, Tapi, and Son rivers. |
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92. During which geological period was coal formed in the Damodar, Son, Mahanadi, and Godavari basins?
Ans: During the Carboniferous Period. |
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93. What geological event led to the formation of the Deccan Trap?
Ans: Large-scale vulcanicity during the Cretaceous Period. |
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94. What is the depth from which magma flowed to form the Deccan Trap?
Ans: About 40 km below the Earths crust. |
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95. Which period does the Archaean Group belong to?
Ans: The Precambrian period. |
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96. Where is the Bengal gneiss, known as Khondolite, found?
Ans: In the Eastern Ghats. |
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97. Which rock system is the oldest metamorphosed sedimentary system in India?
Ans: The Dharwar System. |
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98. Name two Indian states where the Dharwar rocks are found.
Ans: Karnataka and Jharkhand. |
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99. Which minerals are found in the Dharwar System?
Ans: Iron ore, manganese, mica, copper, zinc, lead, silver, gold, slate, asbestos, marble, and limestone. |
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100. Which system of rocks is found in the lower valleys of the Penganga and Godavari rivers?
Ans: The Cuddapah System. |
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101. Which rock system is associated with diamond-bearing conglomerates in India?
Ans: The Vindhyan System. |
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102. Which historical monuments were built using sandstones from the Vindhyan Ranges?
Ans: Stupa of Sanchi, Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, Red Fort, Jama-Masjid, and Birla Mandir. |
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103. During which period did the coal belts of Peninsular India develop?
Ans: The Gondwana (Carboniferous) period. |
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104. What are the three major series of the Gondwana System?
Ans: The Talcher Series, the Damuda Series, and the Panchet Series. |
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105. What type of volcanic activity formed the Deccan Trap?
Ans: Hawaiian or fissure-type volcanic eruption. |
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106. Which physiographic feature was created due to faulting of the Peninsula during the Tertiary Period?
Ans: Subsidence of broken blocks beneath the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. |
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107. Where are Pleistocene Period deposits found in India?
Ans: In the lower reaches and deltas of the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri rivers, as well as in the western coastal plains of Gujarat, Konkan, and Malabar. |
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108. What is the area covered by the Peninsular Uplands?
Ans: About 16 lakh sq km. |
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109. Which mountain ranges bound the Peninsular Uplands?
Ans: The Aravallis in the northwest, Maikal Range in the north, Hazaribagh and Rajmahal Hills in the northeast, the Western Ghats in the west, and the Eastern Ghats in the east. |
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110. What is the highest peak of Peninsular India and its elevation?
Ans: Anai-Mudi (Nilgiris), with an elevation of 2,695 meters above sea level. |
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111. Which major lava formations contain quartzites, agates, and carnelians?
Ans: The Deccan Trap. |
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112. Which region of Peninsular India contains some of the worlds oldest rocks?
Ans: The Precambrian formations of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, and Jharkhand. |
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113. Which two geological events took place during the Tertiary Period in India?
Ans: The final fragmentation of Gondwanaland and the faulting of the Peninsula along with subsidence of broken blocks beneath the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. |
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114. What are the eight physiographic meso-regions of Peninsular India?
Ans: The North Central Highlands, The South Central Highlands, The Eastern Plateau, The Meghalaya-Mikir Uplands, The North Deccan, The South Deccan, The Western Ghats or Sahayadri, The Eastern Ghats. |
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115. Which mountain range runs from north-east to south-west for about 800 km between Delhi and Palanpur (Gujarat)?
Ans: The Aravalli Range. |
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116. What is the highest peak in the Aravalli Range, and what is its height?
Ans: Guru Shikhar, 1722 meters. |
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117. Which fault separates the Aravallis from the Vindhyan Mountains?
Ans: The Great Boundary Fault (GBF). |
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118. What are the two drainage systems of the Malwa Plateau?
Ans: One towards the Arabian Sea (Narmada, Mahi) and another towards the Bay of Bengal (Chambal, Sind, Betwa, Ken). |
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119. How long does the Vindhyan Range extend, and what is its general elevation?
Ans: It extends for about 1050 km with a general elevation between 450 to 600 meters. |
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120. Which range forms a connecting link between the Vindhyans and the Satpura mountains?
Ans: The Maikal Range. |
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121. Which rivers have carved out steep gorges, rapids, cataracts, and waterfalls in the Bundelkhand Upland?
Ans: Betwa, Dhasan, and Ken rivers. |
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122. Which plateau includes the regions of Satna, Rewa (M.P.), and Mirzapur (U.P.)?
Ans: The Vindhyachal-Baghelkhand or Vindhyachal Plateau. |
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123. Which major rift valley lies to the south of the Vindhyachal Plateau?
Ans: The Narmada-Son trough. |
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124. What is the highest peak in the Satpura Range, and where is it located?
Ans: Dhupgarh (1350 m), near Pachmarhi. |
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125. Which states does the Chotanagpur Plateau cover?
Ans: West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and the northeastern part of Andhra Pradesh. |
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126. What are the main rivers that drain the Chotanagpur Plateau?
Ans: Barakar, Damodar, Subarnarekha, and Koel rivers. |
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127. Which peak is the highest in the Meghalaya Plateau?
Ans: Shillong Peak (1823 meters). |
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128. Which region records the highest rainfall in the world?
Ans: Mawsynram (25°15N, 91°44E), about 16 km west of Cherrapunji. |
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129. What is the highest peak of the Garo Hills?
Ans: Norkek (1515 meters). |
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130. Which two rivers mainly drain the Mikir Hills?
Ans: Dhansiri and Jamuna rivers. |
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131. What is the primary geological composition of the Maharashtra Plateau?
Ans: Mainly covered by basalt of the Cretaceous Period. |
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132. Which river flows through the northern part of the Maharashtra Plateau from east to west?
Ans: The Tapi River. |
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133. Which plateau region is also known as the Chhattisgarh Plain?
Ans: The Mahanadi Basin. |
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134. Which formations dominate the Chhattisgarh Plain geologically?
Ans: The Archaean and Cuddapah formations. |
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135. Which plateau contains the Korba coalfields of Chhattisgarh?
Ans: The Chhattisgarh Plain. |
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136. Which region in Odisha is also known as the Orissa Highlands?
Ans: The Garhjat Hills. |
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137. Which major mineral deposit is found in the Abujhmar Hills?
Ans: Iron ore, particularly in the Bailadila Range. |
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138. Which rivers drain the Dandakaranya region?
Ans: Tel and Udanti (tributaries of the Mahanadi), Sabari and Sileru (tributaries of the Godavari). |
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139. Which plateaus are included in the South Deccan region?
Ans: Karnataka Plateau, Telangana Plateau, Tamil Nadu Uplands |
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140. What is the highest peak in the Baba-Budan Hills?
Ans: Mulangiri (1913 metres) |
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141. Which two parts is the Karnataka Plateau divided into?
Ans: Malnad (northern upland) and Maidan (southern part) |
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142. Which rivers drain the Karnataka Plateau?
Ans: Kaveri and Tungabhadra |
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143. What is the name of the broad gap between Coimbatore and Anaimalais?
Ans: Palakkad Gap (Palghat) |
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144. Which geological formations are found in the Telangana Plateau?
Ans: Dharwar and Cuddapah formations |
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145. What type of rocks are found in the Tamil Nadu Uplands?
Ans: Archaean rocks, charnockites, Cuddapah, and alluvial formations |
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146. Which river flows through the Palakkad Gap?
Ans: Gayitri River |
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147. Where do the Western Ghats start and end?
Ans: From the mouth of the Tapi River to Kanyakumari (Cape Comorin) |
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148. What type of mountains are the Western Ghats?
Ans: Block mountains formed due to the down warping of land into the Arabian Sea |
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149. Which major rivers of Peninsular India originate in the Western Ghats?
Ans: Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri |
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150. What is the highest waterfall in India, located on the Sharavati River?
Ans: Jog Falls (Gersoppa Falls) |
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151. What is the average elevation range of the Western Ghats?
Ans: 1000 to 1300 metres |
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152. Which peak in the Nilgiris is the highest point of the Western Ghats?
Ans: Anaimudi (2695 metres) |
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153. Which two ghats join Mumbai and Pune?
Ans: Bhor Ghat and Thal Ghat |
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154. Which pass in Rajasthan connects Udaipur with Sirohi and Jalore?
Ans: Goran Ghat |
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155. Where did the historic battle of 1576 between Rana Pratap Singh and Raja Mansingh take place?
Ans: Haldighat Pass in the Aravalli Range |
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156. In which state is the Kalsubai peak located?
Ans: Maharashtra |
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157. What is the height of Kudremukh peak?
Ans: 1892 metres |
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158. Why is Kudremukh important for iron ore mining?
Ans: It has rich deposits of haematite and magnetite iron ore, exported to Iran via Mangalore port. |
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159. Which famous tourist attraction is situated at an elevation of 1438 metres in the Western Ghats?
Ans: Mahabaleshwar |
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160. What is the total area covered by the Nilgiri Hills?
Ans: About 2500 square kilometers |
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161. Which famous hill resort is located in the Nilgiri Hills?
Ans: Udhagamandalam (Ooty) |
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162. Which pass in the Western Ghats connects Nashik and Mumbai?
Ans: Thal Ghat |
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163. What is the major ecological problem faced by the Pushpagiri and Salher peaks?
Ans: Deforestation leading to soil erosion |
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164. What is the average height of the Eastern Ghats?
Ans: 600 m |
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165. Which peak in Odisha is the highest in the Eastern Ghats?
Ans: Singaraju (1516 m) |
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166. Which range lies between the Krishna River and Chinnai in the Eastern Ghats?
Ans: Kondavidu, Nallarnalai, Velikonda, Palkonda, and Erramala Ranges |
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167. Which hills are found in the southwest of Madurai, Tamil Nadu?
Ans: Varushnad Hills |
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168. Which mineral deposits are found in abundance in the Peninsular region of India?
Ans: Iron, manganese, copper, bauxite, chromium, mica, gold, silver, and coal |
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169. What type of soil is widely found in the Peninsular region of India?
Ans: Black soil (Regur soil) |
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170. Which crops are best suited for regur soil?
Ans: Cotton, millets, maize, pulses, oranges, and citrus fruits |
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171. Which forests cover the Western Ghats, Nilgiris, and the Eastern Ghats?
Ans: Tropical moist deciduous and semi-evergreen forests |
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172. Which is the most famous medicinal plant-rich region in the Peninsular Plateau?
Ans: Western and Eastern Ghats |
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173. Which rivers originating from the Western Ghats are important for hydropower generation?
Ans: Rivers flowing eastward into the Bay of Bengal |
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174. Which are some of the famous hill stations in the Peninsular region?
Ans: Ooty, Udhagamandalam, Kodaikanal, Mahabaleshwar, Khandala, Matheran, Pachmarhi, Mount Abu |
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175. Which cultural group predominates in the region south of the Vindhyas?
Ans: Dravidian culture |
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176. How many lithotectonic mountain ranges does the Himalayas consist of?
Ans: Four |
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177. Which tectonic fault separates the Himalayas from the Ganga-Brahmaputra plains?
Ans: Himalayan Front Fault (HFF) |
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178. Which theory suggests that the Himalayas formed due to the collision of the Indian and Asian plates?
Ans: Plate Tectonic Theory |
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179. Which ancient sea existed before the formation of the Himalayas?
Ans: Tethys Sea |
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180. During which period did the first major uplift of the Himalayas occur?
Ans: Eocene Period (about 65 million years ago) |
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181. Which thrust separates the Greater Himalayas and the Lesser Himalayas?
Ans: Main Central Thrust (MCT) |
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182. Which intermontane basins were formed due to the uplift of the Lesser Himalayas?
Ans: Kashmir Valley, Karol Basin, Dun Valley, Kathmandu Valley |
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183. Which sequence of terrestrial sediments was deposited in the foredeep during the Miocene to Pleistocene periods?
Ans: Shiwaliks |
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184. Which geological structure is the Shiwaliks separated from by the Himalayan Front Fault?
Ans: Northern Plains of India |
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185. What kind of tectonic activity is the Himalayan Front Fault (HFF) known for?
Ans: Frequent tremors and earthquakes |
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186. Which period saw the second major uplift of the Lesser Himalayas?
Ans: Miocene Period (about 45 million years ago) |
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187. Which mountain ranges experienced rapid uplift during the second major uplift of the Himalayas?
Ans: Pir Panjal, Dhauladhar, Karol, Mahabharat Ranges |
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188. What is the estimated crustal shortening due to the Indian Plates convergence with the Asian Plate?
Ans: About 500 km |
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189. What are the four physiographic divisions of the Himalayas from north to south?
Ans: The Trans-Himalayas, The Greater Himalayas, The Lesser Himalayas, The Shiwaliks |
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190. Which physiographic division of the Himalayas is about 40 km wide and contains Tethys sediments?
Ans: The Trans-Himalayas |
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191. Which type of rocks primarily compose the Greater Himalayas?
Ans: Crystalline, igneous, or metamorphic rocks (granite, schists, and gneiss) |
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192. What is the average height of the Greater Himalayas?
Ans: Above 5000 meters |
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193. Which geological feature separates the Greater Himalayas from the Lesser Himalayas?
Ans: The Main Central Thrust |
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194. What is the average height range of the Lesser Himalayas?
Ans: 1300-5000 meters |
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195. Which three main types of rocks are found in the Lesser Himalayas?
Ans: Slate, limestone, and quartzites |
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196. What is the term used for the longitudinal valleys found between the Shiwaliks and the Lesser Himalayas?
Ans: Duns |
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197. Which important duns are found in the Shiwalik region?
Ans: Dehra Dun, Potli, Kothri, Kathmandu, Chumbi, and Kyarda |
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198. What is the average elevation of the Shiwaliks above sea level?
Ans: About 1300 meters |
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199. Which period do the rocks of the Shiwaliks mostly belong to?
Ans: Upper Tertiary Period |
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200. Who divided the Himalayas into four longitudinal divisions?
Ans: Sir S. Burrard |
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201. Which are the four longitudinal divisions of the Himalayas according to Sir S. Burrard?
Ans: The Western Himalayas, The Kumaun Himalayas, The Nepal Himalayas, The Assam Himalayas |
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202. Who divided the Himalayas into six transverse divisions in 1973?
Ans: Prof. S.P. Chatterjee |
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203. What is the total area of the Kashmir Himalayas?
Ans: About 350,000 sq km |
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204. What is the average height of the Kashmir Himalayas?
Ans: 3000 meters |
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205. Which region of the Kashmir Himalayas is characterized by cold desert conditions?
Ans: Ladakh |
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206. What is the special feature of the Vale of Kashmir?
Ans: Karewa (lacustrine) deposits consisting of silt, sand, and clay |
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207. Which agricultural product is mainly cultivated in the Karewas of Kashmir?
Ans: Saffron |
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208. Which important mountain passes are found in the Kashmir Himalayas?
Ans: Pir-Panjal, Zoji-La, Banihal, Pensi-La, Chang-La, Lanak-La, Umasi-La |
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209. Which section of the Himalayas is known as the abode of gods?
Ans: The Himadri |
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210. Which snow-capped peaks are found in the Himadri section of the Himalayas?
Ans: Nanda Devi, Kamet, Trishul |
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211. Which major valleys are located in the Himachal Himalayas?
Ans: Kangra, Kullu, Manali, Lahul, Spiti |
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212. Which important hill stations are found in the Himachal Himalayas?
Ans: Shimla, Dalhousie, Chamba, Kullu-Manali |
|
213. Which major passes connect Himachal Pradesh with Tibet (China)?
Ans: Rohtang, Bara-Lacha, Imis-La, Shipki-La |
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214. Which two rivers bound the Kumaun Himalayas?
Ans: Satluj and Kali rivers |
|
215. What is the highest peak in the Kumaun Himalayas?
Ans: Nanda Devi (7817 m) |
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216. Which glacier is NOT found in the Kumaun Himalayas?
Ans: Siachen Glacier |
|
217. Which hill stations are located in the Kumaun Himalayas?
Ans: Mussoorie, Nainital, Ranikhet, Almora, Bageshwar |
|
218. Which mountain pass connects Gangtok (Sikkim) with Lhasa (Tibet)?
Ans: Nathu La and Jelep La |
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219. Which Himalayan division is also known as the Sikkim Himalayas?
Ans: Central Himalayas |
|
220. Which is the third highest mountain peak in the world?
Ans: Kanchenjunga (8,598 m) |
|
221. Which two important rivers originate from Kanchenjunga?
Ans: Kosi and Tista |
|
222. Which state does the Eastern Himalayas occupy in India?
Ans: Arunachal Pradesh |
|
223. Which hills are NOT part of the Eastern Himalayas?
Ans: Aravalli Hills |
|
224. Which pass connects Arunachal Pradesh with Mandalay (Myanmar)?
Ans: Dihang Pass |
|
225. Which pass in Arunachal Pradesh connects it to Tibet?
Ans: Bomdi La Pass |
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226. Which range of the Himalayas is known as Purvanchal?
Ans: Eastern Himalayas |
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227. Which mountain range connects the Himalayas to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands?
Ans: Myanmar mountain chain |
|
228. What is a syntaxial bend in the Himalayas?
Ans: A sharp bending of the mountain ranges |
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229. Where is the western syntaxial bend located?
Ans: Near Nanga Parbat |
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230. Which river has cut a deep gorge at the western syntaxial bend?
Ans: Indus River |
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231. Which Himalayan pass joins Ladakh with Xinjiang, China?
Ans: Aghil Pass |
|
232. Which pass connects Jammu with Srinagar?
Ans: Banihal Pass (Jawahar Tunnel) |
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233. Which pass connects Manali with Leh?
Ans: Bara Lacha Pass |
|
234. Which pass connects Arunachal Pradesh with Tibet?
Ans: Bomdi La Pass |
|
235. Which pass is the highest among the following: Banihal, Bara Lacha, Chang-La, Debsa?
Ans: Chang-La (5270 m) |
|
236. Which pass provides a shorter alternative to the Pin-Parbati Pass route?
Ans: Debsa Pass |
|
237. Which pass in Arunachal Pradesh connects it to Myanmar?
Ans: Dihang Pass |
|
238. Which pass provides the shortest access between Arunachal Pradesh and Mandalay (Myanmar)?
Ans: Diphu Pass |
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239. Which pass connects Ladakh with Tibet (China) and remains closed during winter?
Ans: Imis La |
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240. Which is the highest motorable pass in India?
Ans: Khardung La |
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241. Which pass in the Karakoram Mountains connects Ladakh with Xinjiang, China?
Ans: Khunjerab Pass |
|
242. Which pass in Sikkim connects it with Lhasa through the Chumbi Valley?
Ans: Jelep La |
|
243. Which pass in Aksai Chin connects Ladakh with Lhasa?
Ans: Lanak La |
|
244. Which pass in Arunachal Pradesh remains open throughout the year for trade with Myanmar?
Ans: Likhapani Pass |
|
245. Which pass in Uttarakhand is used by pilgrims traveling to Mansarovar Lake?
Ans: Lipu Lekh |
|
246. Which pass in the Greater Himalayas, located in Uttarakhand, remains snow-covered for six months?
Ans: Mana Pass |
|
247. Which pass in Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand is used by Mansarovar pilgrims?
Ans: Mangsha Dhura Pass |
|
248. Which seasonal pass in Uttarakhand connects it with Tibet and is located north of Gangotri?
Ans: Muling La |
|
249. Which Indo-China border pass in Sikkim was reopened in 2006 after being closed post-1962 war?
Ans: Nathu La |
|
250. Which pass at an altitude of 5068 m connects Uttarakhand with Tibet?
Ans: Niti Pass |
|
251. Which pass in Arunachal Pradesh provides access to Mandalay (Myanmar)?
Ans: Pangsan Pass |
|
252. Which pass connects the Kashmir Valley with Kargil in Ladakh?
Ans: Pensi La |
|
253. Which pass on the Mughal Road historically connected Jammu to Srinagar?
Ans: Pir-Panjal Pass |
|
254. Which Karakoram Mountain pass was historically an offshoot of the Great Silk Road?
Ans: Qara Tagh Pass |
|
255. Which pass in Himachal Pradesh connects Kullu, Lahul, and Spiti valleys?
Ans: Rohtang Pass |
|
256. Which pass in Himachal Pradesh connects it with Tibet through the Satluj Gorge?
Ans: Shipki La |
|
257. Which is the second highest motorable pass in India after Khardung La?
Ans: Thang La |
|
258. Which pass in Uttarakhand connects the Pindari Valley to the Milam Valley?
Ans: Traills Pass |
|
259. Which pass at 3850 m joins Srinagar with Kargil and Leh?
Ans: Zoji La |
|
260. Which pass was declared a National Highway (NH-1D) by the Indian government?
Ans: Zoji La |
|
261. Which organization is responsible for clearing and maintaining Zoji La pass during winter?
Ans: Border Roads Organisation (BRO) |
|
262. What is the lower limit of perpetual snow called?
Ans: Snowline |
|
263. What factor causes variation in the snowline altitude in different parts of the Himalayas?
Ans: Latitude, altitude, precipitation, moisture, slope, and local topography |
|
264. At what altitude is the snowline in the Assam Himalaya?
Ans: About 4400 metres |
|
265. Which Himalayan region has the highest snowline altitude?
Ans: Karakoram (about 5500 metres) |
|
266. How many glaciers are found in the Himalayas?
Ans: About 15,000 |
|
267. Where are the main glaciers of the Himalayas found?
Ans: Greater Himalayas and Trans-Himalayan mountains (Karakoram, Ladakh, and Zaskar) |
|
268. Which range has smaller glaciers, mostly between 3 to 5 km in length?
Ans: Lesser Himalayas |
|
269. Which glacier in the Karakoram is the longest?
Ans: Siachen Glacier (75 km) |
|
270. Which glacier terminates at the lowest recorded altitude in the Himalayas?
Ans: Chogo Lungma Glacier (2070 m) |
|
271. Which are the main glaciers in Uttarakhand?
Ans: Gangotri, Milam, and Pindari |
|
272. What is the diurnal rate of movement of Himalayan glaciers in the middle?
Ans: 20 to 30 cm |
|
273. Which is the longest glacier of the Pir Panjal range?
Ans: Sonapani Glacier (15 km) |
|
274. Which glacier is the largest in the Nun-Kun peak?
Ans: Gangri Glacier (13 km) |
|
275. Why are the glaciers of the Nanga Parbat Massif moving fast?
Ans: Due to a steep slope |
|
276. Which glaciers are significant in the Pir Panjal range?
Ans: Chungphar, Rakhiot, Buzhi, and Tashan |
|
277. What role do Himalayan glaciers play in river systems?
Ans: They are the source of Himalayan rivers and provide water during the dry season |
|
278. Which Ice Age occurred around 700 million years ago in Karnataka?
Ans: Dharwar Ice Age |
|
279. Which Ice Age is supported by the Talcher Series in Orissa?
Ans: Gondwana Ice Age |
|
280. Which Ice Age impacted the Karakoram and Greater Himalayas?
Ans: Pleistocene Ice Age |
|
281. Which lakes were formed due to Pleistocene glaciation?
Ans: Kailash-Kund, Sanasar Lake, Sheshnag, and Gangabal Lake |
|
282. What is the total stretch of the Great Plains of India?
Ans: About 2400 km from west to east |
|
283. Which rivers contributed to the formation of the Great Plains of India?
Ans: Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra, and their tributaries |
|
284. What is the maximum recorded depth of alluvium in the Great Plains?
Ans: Over 8000 metres (near Ambala, Yamunanagar, and Jagadhri) |
|
285. Which geologist proposed the "foredeep" theory for the origin of the Great Plains?
Ans: Edward Suess |
|
286. Which theory explains the recession of the sea in the formation of the Great Plains?
Ans: Blandfords theory |
|
287. What is the Great Plains of India believed to be a remnant of?
Ans: The Tethys Sea |
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288. What geological event led to the formation of the Great Plains of India?
Ans: Infilling of a large trough left by the Tethys Sea |
|
289. Which plain lies to the south of the Shiwaliks from Jammu to Assam?
Ans: The Bhabar Plain |
|
290. What type of sediments primarily compose the Bhabar Plain?
Ans: Gravel and unassorted sediments |
|
291. Which is the largest mangrove swamp in the world?
Ans: Sundarbans |
|
292. Which tree gives the Sundarbans its name?
Ans: Sundari tree |
|
293. Which major animal species is found in the Sundarbans?
Ans: Royal Bengal Tiger |
|
294. What is the total area of the Brahmaputra Plain?
Ans: 56,275 sq km |
|
295. What is the length of the Brahmaputra Plain?
Ans: 720 km |
|
296. The Brahmaputra Plain is mostly surrounded by mountains except on which side?
Ans: West |
|
297. Why is the Brahmaputra River highly braided?
Ans: Due to its low gradient |
|
298. Which island in the Andaman group has an active volcano?
Ans: Barren Island |
|
299. Which two volcanic islands are located in the Bay of Bengal?
Ans: Barren and Narcondam |
|
300. The Andaman Islands are an extension of which mountain range?
Ans: Arakan Yoma |
|
301. What is the primary composition of rocks in the Andaman Islands?
Ans: Sandstone, limestone, and shale |
|
302. How many islands make up the Nicobar group?
Ans: 18 |
|
303. Which cash crops are mainly grown in the Nicobar Islands?
Ans: Coconut and Arecanut |
|
304. Which rare crab species is found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands?
Ans: Giant Robber Crab |
|
305. What is the shortest distance from the Indian mainland to Lakshadweep?
Ans: 109 km |
|
306. Which is the largest island in Lakshadweep?
Ans: Minicoy |
|
307. Which occupation is the primary source of livelihood in Lakshadweep?
Ans: Fishing |
|
308. Which major crop is grown in Lakshadweep?
Ans: Coconut |
|
309. What is the capital of Lakshadweep?
Ans: Kavaratti |
|
310. Which sea channel separates Lakshadweep from the Maldives?
Ans: Eight Degree Channel |
|
311. What are the major causes of earthquakes in India?
Ans: Volcanic eruptions, faulting, plate tectonics, and human activities |
|
312. What is a drainage basin?
Ans: The total area that contributes water to a single drainage system. |
|
313. What distinguishes one river basin from another?
Ans: Ridges and highlands that form divides. |
|
314. What are the three classifications of Indian river basins based on area?
Ans: Large (above 20,000 sq km), Medium (2,000-20,000 sq km), and Minor (below 2,000 sq km). |
|
315. How many river basins does India have in total?
Ans: 113 river basins. |
|
316. Which are the three major international river systems of India?
Ans: Ganga, Indus, and Brahmaputra. |
|
317. What are the two major drainage divisions of India based on mode of origin?
Ans: Himalayan (Extra-Peninsular) Drainage and Peninsular Drainage. |
|
318. What are the three main river systems of the Himalayan drainage?
Ans: Indus System, Ganga System, and Brahmaputra System. |
|
319. Where does the Yamuna River originate?
Ans: Yamunotri Glacier on the western slopes of Banderpunch (6316m). |
|
320. Which is the longest tributary of the Ganga River?
Ans: Yamuna River (1,380 km). |
|
321. What are the main right bank tributaries of the Yamuna?
Ans: Chambal, Sind, Betwa, Ken, and Tons. |
|
322. Where does the Chambal River originate?
Ans: Near Mhow, southwest of Indore in the Malwa Plateau. |
|
323. What are the main left and right bank tributaries of the Chambal River?
Ans: Left bank - Banas River; Right bank - Kali Sind and Parbati Rivers. |
|
324. What major dams are constructed on the Chambal River?
Ans: Gandhi Sagar, Rana Pratap Sagar, and Jawahar Sagar. |
|
325. Which states are affected by Chambal ravines?
Ans: Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh. |
|
326. Where does the Ramganga River originate?
Ans: Kumaun Himalayas. |
|
327. Which river does the Ramganga join?
Ans: The Ganga River at Hardoi district. |
|
328. By what names is the Sharda River known in different regions?
Ans: Goriganga in Nepal, Kali along Indo-Nepal border, and Chauka before joining Ghagra. |
|
329. What is another name for the Karnali River?
Ans: Kauriala in Nepal and Ghagra in the Ganga Plain. |
|
330. Where does the Narmada River originate?
Ans: Amarkantak Plateau in the Maikal Hills of Chhattisgarh. |
|
331. Which famous waterfalls are located on the Narmada River?
Ans: Dhuandhar Waterfalls near Jabalpur. |
|
332. Through which geological feature does the Narmada River flow?
Ans: A rift valley between the Vindhyan and Satpura ranges. |
|
333. Into which body of water does the Narmada River drain?
Ans: The Gulf of Khambat (Arabian Sea). |
|
334. Where does the Tapi River originate?
Ans: The Satpura Range. |
|
335. How does the Tapi River reach the Arabian Sea?
Ans: It flows westward through a rift valley and forms an estuary near Surat. |
|
336. Which two rivers flow parallel to each other through rift valleys in India?
Ans: Narmada and Tapi Rivers. |
|
337. Which river is considered the most important among the easterly rivers of the Peninsular region?
Ans: Brahmani River |
|
338. Where does the Subernrekha River originate?
Ans: Southwest of Ranchi |
|
339. Which major city does the Subernrekha River pass through?
Ans: Jamshedpur |
|
340. Which two rivers form the Brahmani River?
Ans: Kosi and Sankh rivers |
|
341. Where does the Brahmani River merge into the Bay of Bengal?
Ans: Above the Paradip port |
|
342. What is the length of the Mahanadi River?
Ans: 885 km |
|
343. Which states does the Mahanadi River primarily drain?
Ans: Chhattisgarh and Odisha |
|
344. Which important dam is built on the Mahanadi River?
Ans: Hirakud Dam |
|
345. What causes river capturing?
Ans: Headward erosion of the river |
|
346. Which ancient river is an example of shifting courses and river capturing?
Ans: Saraswati River |
|
347. Where was the ancient course of the Saraswati River during the prehistoric period?
Ans: Near Churu |
|
348. Which river was once a tributary of the Saraswati River?
Ans: Luni River |
|
349. Which important river was formed due to river capturing by a Ganga tributary?
Ans: Yamuna River |
|
350. Where is the dry valley of the ancient Saraswati River found today?
Ans: Ghaggar Valley, Rajasthan |
|
351. Which river changed its course by about 130 km from its original path?
Ans: Indus River |
|
352. Which two rivers joined the Indus near Uch during Akbars reign?
Ans: Chenab and Jhelum rivers |
|
353. Which lake in Uttarakhand contains 600 skeletons found at its edge?
Ans: Roopkund Lake |
|
354. What is the largest salt lake in India?
Ans: Sambhar Lake |
|
355. Which migratory birds visit Sambhar Lake during the winter?
Ans: Siberian birds |
|
356. Which lake in Kerala is a major freshwater lake and a tourist attraction?
Ans: Sasthamkotta Lake |
|
357. Which lake in Himachal Pradesh is named after the goddess Renuka?
Ans: Renuka Lake |
|
358. Which lake is located near Bhimtal and consists of seven interconnected lakes?
Ans: Sat Tal |
|
359. Which high-altitude lake is the source of the Bhaga River?
Ans: Suraj Tal |
|
360. Which reservoir is located on the River Narmada in Madhya Pradesh?
Ans: Tawa Reservoir |
|
361. Which glaciated tarn lake in Sikkim remains frozen during the winter?
Ans: Tsongmo Lake |
|
362. What is the estimated total renewable water resources of India per annum?
Ans: 1900 sq km |
|
363. Which government program earmarked 25% of its allocation for water harvesting schemes?
Ans: Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP) |
|
364. Which Indian scheme also allocates 25% of its funds for water harvesting under sustainability?
Ans: Prime Ministers Gramodaya Yojana |
|
365. What role do MPs have in water harvesting schemes?
Ans: They are requested to utilize the Local Area Development Fund in their constituencies. |
|
366. Why is the watershed development approach important in India?
Ans: It helps water-scarce regions and reduces spatial imbalance between irrigated and dryland farming. |
|
367. Where was a successful watershed management project implemented near Kalka?
Ans: Sukhomajri |
|
368. Which Maharashtra village is known for its Pani-Panchayats (water collectives)?
Ans: Ralegaon Sidhi |
|
369. Which rivers excess water is proposed to be diverted to the Ganga for economic development?
Ans: Brahmaputra River |
|
370. What major water project involves linking the Dhubri Barrage to the Farakka Barrage?
Ans: Brahmaputra-Ganga Link Canal Project |
|
371. Which major river link project aims to supply water to drought-prone Gujarat and Rajasthan?
Ans: The Narmada Link Canal Project |
|
372. What is the primary purpose of the Chambal Link Canal?
Ans: To provide water to central Rajasthan by connecting the Chambal River to the Indira Gandhi Canal. |
|
373. Which natural feature allows the Western Ghats rivers to lose most of their water to the Arabian Sea?
Ans: Steep gradient and narrow coastal plains |
|
374. Which rivers surplus water is diverted through a tunnel to meet the needs of Tamil Nadu?
Ans: Periyar River |
|
375. Which Indian state has the richest underground water resources?
Ans: Ganga-Brahmaputra Alluvial Province |
|
376. Which city relies on the Siruvani Waterfall as one of its main water sources?
Ans: Coimbatore |
|
377. Which waterfall in Tamil Nadu is also known as Rat-tail Waterfall?
Ans: Thalaiyar Waterfall |
|
378. What is unique about the Thalaiyar Waterfall in Tamil Nadu?
Ans: It is the highest waterfall in Tamil Nadu, with an elevation of 297m. |
|
379. Which waterfall in Tamil Nadu is located in Kanyakumari District?
Ans: Vattaparai Waterfall |
|
380. Where are the Vazhachal Falls located?
Ans: Thrissur District, Kerala |
|
381. Which Indian state has the highest number of significant waterfalls mentioned in the text?
Ans: Karnataka |
|
382. Which region of India is most deficient in groundwater resources?
Ans: Pre-Cambrian Crystalline Province |
|
383. Which sedimentary province in India contains good aquifers of groundwater?
Ans: Gondwana Sedimentary Province |
|
384. What geological feature obstructs water percolation in the Deccan Trap Province?
Ans: Impermeable basalt covering |
|
385. Which groundwater province includes Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Gujarat coasts?
Ans: Cenozoic Sedimentary Province |
|
386. Which rift zones provide good groundwater resources due to their thick alluvial cover?
Ans: Narmada, Purna, and Tapi Rift Zones |
|
387. What is the main characteristic of the Ganga-Brahmaputra Alluvial Province?
Ans: It has the richest groundwater resources in India. |
|
388. Which province in India has local springs but lacks wells due to complex geography?
Ans: Himalayan Province |
|
389. Which rivers excess water is proposed to be diverted to the rain-shadow areas of the Western Ghats?
Ans: Western Ghats Rivers |
|
390. What is the highest recorded annual rainfall in India, as mentioned in the text?
Ans: More than 1000 cm in Mawsynram and Cherrapunji |
|
391. Which Indian state has the lowest average annual rainfall?
Ans: Rajasthan (Ganganagar - 20 cm) |
|
392. What causes the monsoon winds to be attracted towards the Indian subcontinent?
Ans: Extreme low pressure conditions on land |
|
393. Why is the air coming from the Indian Ocean towards land warm and moist?
Ans: Because it originates over the ocean and carries moisture |
|
394. Which two locations develop high-pressure areas during the winter season?
Ans: Baikal Lake (Siberia) and Peshawar (Pakistan) |
|
395. Why does the cold and dry air from land not cause precipitation?
Ans: Because it lacks sufficient moisture |
|
396. Which geographical feature plays a crucial role in the advance and retreat of the monsoon?
Ans: The Tibetan Plateau |
|
397. During which month does the subtropical jet stream completely disappear over northern India?
Ans: June |
|
398. What happens to the Tibetan Plateau in winter that affects monsoon circulation?
Ans: It becomes very cold, pushing the jet stream southward |
|
399. What kind of atmospheric system forms over the Tibetan Plateau during the summer monsoon period?
Ans: A warm core anticyclone |
|
400. What is the process that leads to the formation of an anticyclone over the Tibetan Plateau?
Ans: Anti-cyclogenesis |
|
401. What are tropical easterly jets?
Ans: Easterly winds blowing in the mid-troposphere south of the Tibetan Plateau |
|
402. What is the main reason for the onset of summer monsoon in India?
Ans: The hydrodynamic effect of the Himalayas |
|
403. What happens to the monsoon trough during a break in monsoons?
Ans: It shifts to the Himalayas, reducing rainfall in most parts of India |
|
404. Which weather feature remains strong during an active phase of the monsoon?
Ans: The Tropical Easterly Jet Stream (TEJ) |
|
405. Why do floods occur in the plains of Himalayan rivers during break monsoon conditions?
Ans: Because the monsoon rainfall zone shifts to the foothills of the Himalayas |
|
406. In which months do break monsoon conditions generally occur?
Ans: July and August |
|
407. What is the temperature range in coastal areas during the summer season?
Ans: Between 5°C and 6°C |
|
408. Which region in India records the lowest rainfall?
Ans: The Thar Desert and Ladakh region |
|
409. Where in India is the highest variability in rainfall found?
Ans: In desert areas like Barmer, Ganganagar, and Jaisalmer |
|
410. What is the climatic classification of India often referred to as?
Ans: Tropical monsoon climate |
|
411. What are the key factors influencing Indias climate apart from monsoons?
Ans: The Himalayas, Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and Bay of Bengal |
|
412. Which region in India receives the heaviest rainfall in the world?
Ans: Mawsynram and Cherrapunji in Meghalaya |
|
413. What is the average annual rainfall in regions of very heavy rainfall in India?
Ans: Over 200 cm |
|
414. Which coast experiences over 250 cm of rainfall annually?
Ans: The Malabar Coast |
|
415. During which months does Tamil Nadu receive most of its rainfall?
Ans: October to December |
|
416. Which climatic classification system is used to categorize Indias climate?
Ans: Köppen climate classification system |
|
417. Which region of India has a tropical wet climate?
Ans: Western Ghats, Malabar Coast, southern Assam, Lakshadweep, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands |
|
418. What is a key feature of the tropical wet and dry climate (savannah climate) in India?
Ans: Extremely hot summers and a rainy season from June to September |
|
419. Which Indian regions experience a tropical semi-arid (steppe) climate?
Ans: Karnataka, central Maharashtra, some parts of Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh |
|
420. Which Indian state experiences a sub-tropical arid (desert) climate?
Ans: Western Rajasthan |
|
421. Which factor causes India to experience both sub-tropical and tropical climates?
Ans: The Tropic of Cancer passing through the middle of India |
|
422. How much does the temperature drop for every 100 meters of altitude in the Himalayas?
Ans: 0.6°C |
|
423. What type of climate is found in the trans-Himalayan belt?
Ans: Cold, arid, and windswept |
|
424. Which months experience the heaviest snowfall in the Himalayas?
Ans: December to February |
|
425. Which major geographical feature acts as a barrier against cold winds from Central Asia?
Ans: The Himalayas |
|
426. What percentage of rainfall in the Konkan Coast comes from the Arabian Sea branch of the monsoon?
Ans: Over 90% |
|
427. Which direction does rainfall generally decrease in the heavy rainfall region of India?
Ans: From east to west |
|
428. What is the temperature range of the Tamil Nadu Coast in January and July?
Ans: 24°C in January and around 30°C in July |
|
429. Which region of India has the lowest annual range of temperature?
Ans: The Malabar Coast |
|
430. Which two main factors cause climate variations in India?
Ans: Latitude and altitude |
|
431. What is the main characteristic of the sub-tropical humid climate in India?
Ans: Very hot summers and occasional snowfall or rainfall in winter |
|
432. How does monsoon wind reversal impact Indias climate?
Ans: It causes a sudden shift from extreme summer to monsoon season |
|
433. Which disturbances influence the weather conditions in the Western Himalayas?
Ans: Western disturbances originating from the Mediterranean Sea |
|
434. What is the maximum temperature recorded in the sub-tropical semi-arid (steppe) climate of India?
Ans: Up to 40°C |
|
435. Which coast of India experiences an increasing annual temperature range from south to north?
Ans: The Konkan Coast |
|
436. Which region of India is affected by tropical cyclones originating in the Bay of Bengal?
Ans: Peninsular India |
|
437. Which Indian states have a tropical rainforest climate?
Ans: Assam and parts of the Sahyadri Mountain Range |
|
438. Which climatic region is found in most parts of Rajasthan?
Ans: Tropical Desert |
|
439. What is the average temperature of every month in a Tropical Rainy Climate (A)?
Ans: Above 18°C (64.4°F) |
|
440. Which climatic region in India is characterized by a steppe climate?
Ans: Parts of Punjab and Gujarat |
|
441. Which region in India experiences drought conditions?
Ans: Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Haryana |
|
442. In which climate group does potential evaporation exceed precipitation throughout the year?
Ans: Dry Climate (B) |
|
443. What defines a Mild, Humid (Mesothermal) Climate (C)?
Ans: The coldest month has an average temperature under 18°C but above -3°C |
|
444. Which region in India has a tropical semi-arid steppe climate?
Ans: Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, and other parts of South India |
|
445. What is a key characteristic of a Snowy Forest Climate (D)?
Ans: The coldest month has an average temperature under -3°C |
|
446. Which states in India experience a Mountain Climate?
Ans: Parts of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand |
|
447. What is the defining feature of a Polar Climate (E)?
Ans: The warmest months average temperature is below 10°C |
|
448. What does the climate classification "Am" represent?
Ans: Monsoon variety of the Tropical Rainforest Climate |
|
449. Which climate type has a dry season in winter?
Ans: Cw (Mild Humid Climate with a Dry Winter) |
|
450. What is the rainfall threshold for a desert climate (BW)?
Ans: Usually less than 40 cm annually |
|
451. Which climate sub-group is represented by the letter "S"?
Ans: Steppe Climate |
|
452. What is the average rainfall range of a Steppe Climate (BS)?
Ans: 38-76 cm annually |
|
453. Which climate type has a strong dry season and at least one month with rainfall under 6 cm?
Ans: Tropical Savanna Climate (Aw) |
|
454. Which region in India has a Mild Humid Climate with no dry season (Cf)?
Ans: Temperate rainy regions, moist in all seasons |
|
455. What does "Df" indicate in the Köppen classification?
Ans: Snowy Forest Climate with a moist winter |
|
456. In which type of climate does annual precipitation exceed annual evaporation?
Ans: Tropical Rainy Climate (A) |
|
457. What type of climate is characterized by a mean warmest-month temperature between 0°C and 10°C?
Ans: Tundra Climate (ET) |
|
458. Which climate group is classified as having no true summer?
Ans: Polar Climate (E) |
|
459. What does "w" represent in the Köppen climate classification?
Ans: Dry season in winter |
|
460. What is the key characteristic of the Perpetual Frost Climate (EF)?
Ans: Mean temperatures of all months are below 0°C |
|
461. Which climate classification applies to the driest regions with less than 10 inches of rainfall annually?
Ans: Desert Climate (BW) |
|
462. Which letter is used in Koppens classification to indicate a hot summer with the warmest month over 71.6°F?
Ans: A |
|
463. What is the defining characteristic of the BWhw (Hot Desert Type) climate?
Ans: Mean annual rainfall below 25 cm |
|
464. Which region in India experiences the Aw (Tropical Savanna Type) climate?
Ans: Major parts of Peninsular India, including Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra |
|
465. What does "H" represent in Koppens classification system?
Ans: Dry, hot climate with a mean annual temperature over 64.4°F |
|
466. Which climate classification is associated with the monsoon deciduous vegetation in India?
Ans: Aw (Tropical Savanna Type) |
|
467. In which phase of Indias National Flood Control Programme is a flood warning system established?
Ans: Short-Term Phase |
|
468. Which climate type is found in the higher altitudes of Ladakh, Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand?
Ans: ET (Tundra Type) |
|
469. What is the primary feature of the E (Polar Type) climate in India?
Ans: Temperature of the warmest month is less than 10°C |
|
470. Which climate type has a short summer and a cold humid winter in India?
Ans: Dfc (Cold Humid Winter Type) |
|
471. Which regions in India experience the Amw (Tropical Monsoon Type) climate?
Ans: Konkan, Malabar Coast, Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu Plateau, and southern Tripura and Mizoram |
|
472. What is the main feature of the As (Tropical Moist Climate) classification?
Ans: Dry summer season with most rainfall occurring between September and December |
|
473. Which Indian region experiences the BShw (Semi-Arid Steppe Climate)?
Ans: Rain-shadow zone of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, eastern Rajasthan, Gujarat, and parts of Haryana |
|
474. Which temperature threshold is used to classify the Dfc (Cold Humid Winter Type) climate?
Ans: Winter temperature about 10°C and summer temperature below 18°C |
|
475. Which letter in Koppens classification indicates very cold winters with the coldest month below -36.4°F?
Ans: D |
|
476. What is a key characteristic of the Cwg (Mesothermal Climate—Gangetic Plain Type)?
Ans: Dry winters and maximum temperature in May or early June |
|
477. Which phase of Indias National Flood Control Programme focuses on constructing embankments and raising vulnerable villages above flood levels?
Ans: Immediate Phase |
|
478. Which climate classification is found in Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh?
Ans: Dfc (Cold Humid Winter Type) |
|
479. Which climate classification is associated with the Thar Desert in India?
Ans: BWhw (Hot Desert Type) |
|
480. Which phase of the National Flood Control Programme includes the construction of dams and storage reservoirs?
Ans: Long-Term Phase |
|
481. Which government body was set up to address flood problems in the Brahmaputra Valley?
Ans: Brahmaputra River Board |
|
482. Which regions are covered under the Eastern Himalayan floristic region?
Ans: Sikkim, West Bengal, and Arunachal Pradesh |
|
483. What is the average annual rainfall in the Eastern Himalayan region?
Ans: Over 200 cm |
|
484. Which type of vegetation is found in the Eastern Himalayan region?
Ans: Tropical, temperate, and alpine vegetation |
|
485. Name three major tree species found in the Eastern Himalayan region.
Ans: Sal, oak, and rhododendrons |
|
486. Which states are covered under the North-Western Himalayan region?
Ans: Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand |
|
487. How does altitude affect vegetation in the North-Western Himalayan region?
Ans: Vegetation changes from sub-tropical at lower altitudes to alpine at higher altitudes. |
|
488. What are the main trees found in the sub-montane region of the North-Western Himalayas?
Ans: Sal, semul, and savanna type trees |
|
489. Which tree species dominate the temperate forests of the North-Western Himalayas?
Ans: Chir (pine), oak, deodar, alder, birch, and conifers |
|
490. What type of vegetation replaces trees at higher altitudes in the North-Western Himalayas?
Ans: Alpine pastures and trees like juniper, silver fir, and larch |
|
491. Which states are part of the Assam floristic region?
Ans: Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, and Tripura |
|
492. What are the prominent vegetation types in the Assam region?
Ans: Various bamboos, palms, and Nilgiri-type grasslands |
|
493. Which factors have transformed the flora of the Gangetic Plain?
Ans: Human activities and crop cultivation |
|
494. What types of vegetation are found in the Gangetic Plain?
Ans: Semi-arid shrubs in the Aravalli region to evergreen mangroves in the Sundarbans |
|
495. Name two major tree species found in the Tarai region of Bihar and West Bengal.
Ans: Sal and Arjun |
|
496. What type of vegetation is predominant in Uttar Pradesh?
Ans: Dry deciduous vegetation |
|
497. Which regions are covered under the Indus Plain floristic region?
Ans: Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan (west of the Aravallis), Kutch, and north-western Gujarat |
|
498. What is the average annual rainfall in the Indus Plain?
Ans: Less than 75 cm |
|
499. Which tree species can survive the arid and drought conditions of the Indus Plain?
Ans: Acacias, cacti, wild palms, khejra, and palas |
|
500. Which floristic region covers the greater part of Peninsular India?
Ans: The Deccan Region |
|
501. Which trees are commonly found in the Deccan Region?
Ans: Teak, tendu, sal, palm, and thorny shrubs |
|
502. What type of forests are found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands?
Ans: Equatorial evergreen forests |
|
503. Which areas in India have tropical evergreen forests?
Ans: North-East India, Western Ghats, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Eastern Himalayas, Orissa |
|
504. What is the average temperature range in tropical evergreen forests?
Ans: Between 25°C and 27°C |
|
505. Which tree species are commonly found in tropical evergreen forests?
Ans: White cedar, toon, dhup, mesua, hopea, gurjan, and bamboo |
|
506. Which region in India has the highest percentage of tropical moist deciduous forests?
Ans: Sahyadris, north-eastern Peninsula, and the foothills of the Himalayas |
|
507. Where does rosewood grow well in India?
Ans: Rosewood grows well along the slopes of the Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Kerala, as well as in some parts of Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Jharkhand, and Chhattisgarh. |
|
508. What is gurjan wood mainly used for?
Ans: Gurjan wood is used for internal construction work of houses, packing cases, tea boxes, flooring, and wagons. |
|
509. Which trees wood is used for manufacturing boats, bridges, and railway sleepers?
Ans: Telsur or Irupu wood is used for manufacturing boats, bridges, piles, masts, carts, and railway sleepers. |
|
510. What is toon wood commonly used for?
Ans: Toon wood is used for making tea boxes, toys, and furniture. |
|
511. Which valuable tree is resistant to insect attacks and is used for making piano keys?
Ans: Ebony (Diospyros Ebenum) is resistant to insect attacks and is used for making piano keys, veneers, musical instruments, and sports goods. |
|
512. Where is chaplas timber found in India?
Ans: Chaplas timber is found in north-east India and the Western Ghats. |
|
513. Which tree is used for making railway sleepers and boats?
Ans: Nahar wood is used for making railway sleepers, piles, and boats. |
|
514. What is the primary use of poon wood?
Ans: Poon wood is used as structural timber for house construction. |
|
515. Which forest product is widely used in basket making and construction?
Ans: Bamboo is widely used in basket making, roofing, thatching, construction, and paper and pulp making. |
|
516. Which Indian states are known for decorative bamboo items?
Ans: Mizoram, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur, and Tripura are known for decorative bamboo items such as flower pots, trays, and vases. |
|
517. Which cultural dance in Mizoram uses bamboo?
Ans: The Cheraw (bamboo) dance in Mizoram uses bamboo. |
|
518. Which states have significant cane production in India?
Ans: Cane is found in Assam, Kerala, Karnataka, West Bengal, Gujarat, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, and Jammu and Kashmir. |
|
519. What is the primary use of tendu leaves?
Ans: Tendu leaves are used for bidi-making. |
|
520. Which type of grass is used for making cooling screens?
Ans: Khus-Khus grass, found in Bharatpur and Sawai-Madhopur (Rajasthan), is used for making cooling screens. |
|
521. Which oils are extracted from Indian forest plants for medicinal and perfumed uses?
Ans: Oils such as camphor, clove, eucalyptus, jasmine, sandalwood, and lemon-grass oil are extracted for medicinal and perfumed uses. |
|
522. Which herb is an antidote for snake and insect bites?
Ans: The root of serpentine is an antidote for snake and insect bites. |
|
523. Which tree barks are commonly used for medicinal purposes?
Ans: The barks of Indian oak, quinine, bay-berry, ashoka, arjuna, and Indian barberry are used for medicinal purposes. |
|
524. Which fruit-bearing trees are commonly found in Indian forests?
Ans: Jamun, bel, ber, gular, jackfruit, amla, tamarind, and khajur are commonly found fruit-bearing trees in Indian forests. |
|
525. Which product is secreted by Kerria lacca insects and has multiple industrial uses?
Ans: Shellac, secreted by Kerria lacca insects, is used in dyeing silk, making bangles, paints, gramophone records, sealing wax, and electrical insulation. |
|
526. Which Indian states have significant lac production?
Ans: Lac production is significant in the Gangetic plains, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, and Assam. |
|
527. Which forest product is widely used in the production of soaps and inks?
Ans: Resins, collected mainly from pine trees in the Himalayan region, are used in the production of soaps and inks. |
|
528. Which tree is the main source of katha production?
Ans: Katha is extracted from the inner wood of the khair tree. |
|
529. Where are the main katha factories in India?
Ans: The main katha factories are in Bareilly (Uttar Pradesh) and Shivpuri (Madhya Pradesh). |
|
530. What is the primary use of tannins obtained from Indian forests?
Ans: Tannins are used for processing leather by coagulating protein in hides and skins. |
|
531. Which valuable items are collected from Indian forests apart from wood and medicinal herbs?
Ans: Ivory, honey, beeswax, hides, horns, and furs are collected from Indian forests apart from wood and medicinal herbs. |
|
532. Which type of forest occupies about 16% of Indias total forest area?
Ans: Sal forests |
|
533. Which wood is widely used for railway sleepers, doors, beams, and planking and is known for being heavy, hard, and durable?
Ans: Sal (Shorea Robusta) |
|
534. Which tree is the most popular in the monsoon climate and is found in regions like Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and Madhya Pradesh?
Ans: Teak (Tectona Grandis) |
|
535. Which tree is known for its strength, elasticity, and durability, making it ideal for furniture, musical instruments, and agricultural equipment?
Ans: Shisham (Dalbergia Sissoo) |
|
536. Which tree, found all over the monsoon region, has hard, durable, and light-colored wood used for toy making and wood carving?
Ans: Haldu |
|
537. Which tree mainly occurs in the Chotanagpur Plateau, Chhattisgarh, and southeastern Rajasthan and is used for rearing shellac worms?
Ans: Palas |
|
538. Which tree is an important part of monsoon forests and is used for making agricultural equipment and bullock carts?
Ans: Arjun |
|
539. Which tree is largely found in Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Bundelkhand (U.P.), Jharkhand, and Bihar and is used for oil extraction and wine making?
Ans: Mahua (Madhuca Indica) |
|
540. Which tree, found in Assam, Bihar, and Tamil Nadu, has soft and white timber used for toy making, matchboxes, and plywood?
Ans: Semul |
|
541. Which tree is widely grown in monsoon areas and is mainly used for making sports goods like cricket bats and tennis rackets?
Ans: Mulberry |
|
542. Which large tree of the monsoon region has moderately strong timber used for house construction and furniture, and whose fruits help control diabetes?
Ans: Jamun (Syzygium cumini) |
|
543. Which tree occurs in the Himalayas between 900 m and 1800 m and is used for furniture, tea boxes, matchboxes, and railway sleepers?
Ans: Chir (Pinus Longifolia) |
|
544. Which tree, found in the northwestern Himalayas at 1500-2500 m altitude, is sturdy, durable, and used for construction work and railway sleepers?
Ans: Deodar (Cedrus Deodara) |
|
545. Which Himalayan tree, growing between 1800 m and 3600 m, yields resins and turpentine and is used for making furniture and railway sleepers?
Ans: Blue-Pine (Pinus Excelsa) |
|
546. Which tree, found in the northwestern and northeastern Himalayas between 2200 m and 3000 m, is used for planking, packing boxes, and matchsticks?
Ans: Silver-fir (Abies) |
|
547. Which tree, found in the western Himalayas at elevations of 2100 m to 3600 m, has soft white wood used for cabinets and pulp making?
Ans: Spruce (Picea Mithiana) |
|
548. Which tree, found in Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Khasi hills, has light, fine-finished wood used for musical instruments and gun butts?
Ans: Walnut (Juglans Regia) |
|
549. Which small tree, found in the northwestern Himalayas including Kashmir Valley, is used for making cricket bats and baskets?
Ans: White Willow (Salix Alba) |
|
550. Which tree, found on higher Himalayan slopes, has grayish wood and is used for making furniture, plywood, and radio cabinets?
Ans: Indian Birch |
|
551. Which tree, found in Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, and Jammu & Kashmir, has durable wood used for making furniture?
Ans: Cypress |
|
552. Which type of forest grows in areas where rainfall exceeds 200 cm and is found in the Western Ghats and northeastern India?
Ans: Tropical Evergreen Rain Forests |
|
553. Which type of forest, found in regions receiving 100-200 cm of rainfall, includes valuable trees like teak and sal?
Ans: Deciduous or Monsoon Type of Forests |
|
554. Which type of forest, found in central Deccan plateau and parts of Rajasthan, receives 50-100 cm of rainfall and is used for agriculture?
Ans: Dry Deciduous Forests and Scrubs |
|
555. Which type of vegetation, found in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab, and Karnataka, consists mainly of thorny bushes and acacia trees?
Ans: Semi-deserts and Desert Vegetation |
|
556. Which forests, also known as Tidal or Littoral forests, grow along coastal deltas and are commonly found in the Sundarbans of West Bengal?
Ans: Mangrove Forests |
|
557. In which year was the first National Forest Policy of India formulated?
Ans: 1952 |
|
558. What are the four categories of forests classified under the National Forest Policy of 1952?
Ans: Protected forests, National forests, Village forests, Tree lands |
|
559. Which annual event was envisaged in the National Forest Policy of 1952 for tree plantation?
Ans: Van Mahotsav |
|
560. What is the primary focus of the National Forest Policy of 1988?
Ans: Protection, conservation, regeneration, and development of forests |
|
561. Which type of forest programme aims to reduce pressure on traditional forests by planting fuel-wood, fodder, timber, and grasses?
Ans: Social Forestry |
|
562. What is the main objective of community forestry?
Ans: To raise trees on community lands for the benefit of the community |
|
563. Which states in India have successfully implemented community forestry?
Ans: Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh |
|
564. What is agro-forestry?
Ans: A type of social forestry where individual farmers grow trees along with crops on their land |
|
565. Which three tree species are commonly planted by farmers under agro-forestry?
Ans: Eucalyptus, Poplar, Casuarinas |
|
566. What are two major disadvantages of agro-forestry?
Ans: Loss of employment for agricultural laborers, reduction in food crop production |
|
567. Which Indian organization conducts research on agro-forestry?
Ans: Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) |
|
568. Which research organization was created in 1987 under the Ministry of Environment and Forests?
Ans: Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE) |
|
569. Name any three forestry research institutes working under ICFRE.
Ans: Forest Research Institute (Dehradun), Institute of Wood Science and Technology (Bangalore), Tropical Forestry Research Institute (Jabalpur) |
|
570. What percentage of Indias total land area is covered under national parks, sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves?
Ans: 4.75% |
|
571. Which year was the Wildlife Protection Act passed in India?
Ans: 1972 |
|
572. Which major conservation programs have been launched to protect endangered species in India?
Ans: Project Tiger (1973), Crocodile Breeding Project (1975), Rhinoceros Project (1987), Snow-Leopard Project, Project Elephant (1988) |
|
573. How many biosphere reserves have been identified in India according to UNESCO criteria?
Ans: 15 |
|
574. Which three states are covered under the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve?
Ans: Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala |
|
575. What are the main objectives of biosphere reserves?
Ans: Conservation of biodiversity, promotion of ecological research, education and awareness |
|
576. What is the main goal of afforestation in forest conservation?
Ans: To plant more trees and increase forest cover |
|
577. Which measures can help control deforestation in India?
Ans: Afforestation, controlled grazing, protection of forests from pests and diseases, scientific methods to prevent forest fires |
|
578. Which Indian movement emphasized the conservation of forests by local people?
Ans: Chipko Movement |
|
579. What is the primary role of Joint Forest Management (JFM)?
Ans: Involving local communities in the protection and management of forests |
|
580. Which government initiative was launched to control the destruction of wildlife habitats?
Ans: Project Tiger |
|
581. What is the primary purpose of green belts in urban areas?
Ans: To reduce pollution and improve environmental stability |
|
582. What is the upper layer of mantle rock that supports plant growth called?
Ans: Soil |
|
583. Which process describes the formation of soil?
Ans: Pedogenesis |
|
584. Which factor is NOT directly involved in soil formation?
Ans: Industrial pollution |
|
585. Which of the following is NOT a component of soil?
Ans: Plastic particles |
|
586. What is the parent material for soil formation?
Ans: Rocks exposed on the surface |
|
587. What is the term for soil that remains in its original position?
Ans: In situ soil |
|
588. Who made the first scientific classification of Indian soils?
Ans: Voeleker and Leather |
|
589. Which of the following is NOT a soil type identified by ICAR?
Ans: Volcanic soil |
|
590. Which soil type covers the largest area in India?
Ans: Alluvial soil |
|
591. Where are alluvial soils mainly found in India?
Ans: Satluj-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plains |
|
592. Which type of alluvial soil is frequently inundated by floods?
Ans: Khadar soil |
|
593. Which soil type has a high water-retaining capacity but cracks in the dry season?
Ans: Black soil |
|
594. Which soil type is also known as "Regur" or "Cotton soil"?
Ans: Black soil |
|
595. Which soil type is mainly found in the Deccan Plateau?
Ans: Black soil |
|
596. Which soil is rich in iron but poor in nitrogen and humus?
Ans: Red soil |
|
597. Which soil type is mainly found in the Peninsular region of India?
Ans: Red soil |
|
598. Which soil type is known for its brick-like hardness when dry?
Ans: Laterite soil |
|
599. Which factor is responsible for the red color of laterite soil?
Ans: Iron oxide |
|
600. Which soil is formed due to leaching in monsoon climate?
Ans: Laterite soil |
|
601. Which soil type is primarily found in Rajasthan and Gujarat?
Ans: Desert soil |
|
602. Which soil type is formed by the weathering of granite and gneiss?
Ans: Grey and Brown soil |
|
603. Which soil type is found in the Tarai region of India?
Ans: Submontane soil |
|
604. Which soil is highly susceptible to erosion due to deforestation?
Ans: Submontane soil |
|
605. Which soil type responds well to manuring despite low fertility?
Ans: Laterite soil |
|
606. Which type of irrigation has transformed the desert soils of western Rajasthan?
Ans: Indira Gandhi Canal |
|
607. Which chemical compounds characterize saline and alkaline soils?
Ans: Sodium chloride and sodium sulphate |
|
608. What is the common name for saline and alkaline soils in Uttar Pradesh?
Ans: Usar |
|
609. Which soil is known for its white salt layer appearing through capillary action?
Ans: Saline and Alkaline Soil |
|
610. In which states are saline and alkaline soils commonly found?
Ans: Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra |
|
611. What is the main deficiency in saline and alkaline soils?
Ans: Nitrogen and calcium |
|
612. Which crop is commonly cultivated to reclaim saline and alkaline soils?
Ans: Dhaincha |
|
613. Peaty and marshy soils are generally found in areas with?
Ans: Heavy rainfall and poor drainage |
|
614. Which two districts in Kerala have peaty and marshy soils?
Ans: Kottayam and Alappuzha |
|
615. Which major deltas contain peaty and marshy soils?
Ans: Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri |
|
616. What is the primary characteristic of Karewa soil?
Ans: Lacustrine deposits in Kashmir Valley |
|
617. Karewa deposits are mainly used for growing?
Ans: Saffron |
|
618. Which valley has the most well-known Karewa deposits?
Ans: Pulwama Valley |
|
619. Snowfields are mainly found in which regions?
Ans: Greater Himalayas, Karakoram, Ladakh, Zanskar |
|
620. Which soil is generally immature and unsuitable for agriculture?
Ans: Snowfield soil |
|
621. What is the main problem affecting Indian soils?
Ans: Soil erosion |
|
622. Which type of erosion involves uniform removal of soil from the surface?
Ans: Sheet erosion |
|
623. Which type of erosion is prominent in the Chambal Valley?
Ans: Gully erosion |
|
624. What is the main agent of soil erosion in Rajasthan and Gujarat?
Ans: Wind |
|
625. Which Indian states are worst affected by soil erosion?
Ans: Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh |
|
626. What is a major consequence of soil erosion?
Ans: Loss of soil fertility |
|
627. Which measure is recommended for controlling water erosion?
Ans: Contour ploughing |
|
628. What is the main cause of declining soil fertility?
Ans: Excessive use of chemical fertilizers |
|
629. Which soil problem occurs due to high evaporation rates?
Ans: Salinity and alkalinity |
|
630. What is the most effective way to reclaim degraded lands?
Ans: Afforestation and watershed management |
|
631. What technique helps prevent shifting cultivation?
Ans: Sedentary agriculture |
|
632. What is defined as any matter or energy derived from the environment that is used by living beings?
Ans: Natural resource |
|
633. Which of the following is NOT a natural resource?
Ans: Plastic |
|
634. What are resources found in a region but not yet fully utilized called?
Ans: Potential resources |
|
635. What factors determine the development of an actual resource?
Ans: Technology and cost involved |
|
636. Which of the following is a renewable resource?
Ans: Solar energy |
|
637. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?
Ans: Fossil fuels |
|
638. What is a mineral?
Ans: An aggregate of two or more elements with a definite chemical composition |
|
639. Where do minerals primarily occur in the Earths crust?
Ans: In the form of ore |
|
640. Which regions in India are almost devoid of metallic minerals?
Ans: The Great Plains and the Himalayan region |
|
641. Which states in India are rich in metallic and non-metallic minerals?
Ans: Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Bihar, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh, Assam |
|
642. Which mineral belt in India contains almost 100% of the countrys kyanite reserves?
Ans: The Chotanagpur Belt |
|
643. Which mineral belt is known for manganese ore, bauxite, and copper?
Ans: The Midland Belt |
|
644. Which mineral belt in India is rich in gold deposits?
Ans: The Southern Belt |
|
645. Which mineral belt contains non-ferrous metals like copper, lead, zinc, and uranium?
Ans: The Western Belt |
|
646. Which mineral belt has valuable pockets of minerals like copper, lead, and zinc?
Ans: The Himalayan Belt |
|
647. What is a major mineral resource found in the Indian Ocean?
Ans: Manganese nodules |
|
648. Which of the following is NOT a category of mineral resources?
Ans: Organic minerals |
|
649. Which type of minerals provide a strong base for metallurgical industries?
Ans: Metallic minerals |
|
650. Which mineral is the most important for a countrys economy?
Ans: Iron ore |
|
651. Which type of iron ore is also known as "red ochre"?
Ans: Haematite |
|
652. Which type of iron ore is called "black ore"?
Ans: Magnetite |
|
653. Which variety of iron ore is yellowish in color and known as "hydrated iron-oxide"?
Ans: Limonite |
|
654. Which variety of iron ore is the least economically viable?
Ans: Siderite |
|
655. Which Indian state is the leading producer of iron ore?
Ans: Karnataka |
|
656. Which iron ore deposit in Karnataka was developed under an export agreement with Iran?
Ans: Kudremukh Deposits |
|
657. Which state contributes about 22% of the total iron ore production in India?
Ans: Orissa |
|
658. Where are the most important iron ore deposits found in Orissa?
Ans: Mayurbhanj (Badampahar), Kendujhar (Keonjhar), Cuttack, Sundargarh, Sambalpur, Koraput |
|
659. Which iron ore deposit in Orissa is situated in Mayurbhanj District at a height of 825 meters above sea level?
Ans: Badampahar |
|
660. Which mineral belt in Orissa contains haematite iron ore that is supplied to Bokaro, Durgapur, Jamshedpur, and Rourkela?
Ans: Bonaigarh Range |
|
661. What is the iron content in the Mayurbhanj iron ore deposits?
Ans: More than 65% |
|
662. Which state accounts for 20% of Indias total iron ore deposits?
Ans: Chhattisgarh |
|
663. Which is the largest mechanized iron ore mine in India?
Ans: Bailadila Mine |
|
664. Which iron ore deposit in Chhattisgarh is connected to Vishakhapatnam by a 270-km long slurry pipeline?
Ans: Bailadila |
|
665. Which iron ore deposit in Chhattisgarh is known for its 32 km long range with reserves of about 125 million tonnes?
Ans: Dalli Rajhara |
|
666. Which state is the fourth-largest producer of iron ore in India, contributing about 18% of the total production?
Ans: Goa |
|
667. Which seaport is used to export iron ore from Goa?
Ans: Marmagao Seaport |
|
668. Which state has 25% of Indias total iron ore reserves and accounts for 14% of its production?
Ans: Jharkhand |
|
669. Where was iron ore mining first started in India in 1904?
Ans: Singhbhum, Jharkhand |
|
670. Which Indian state has the largest reserves of manganese, contributing over 38% of total production?
Ans: Orissa |
|
671. Which district in Orissa has rich Gondite deposits of manganese?
Ans: Sundargarh |
|
672. Which Indian state is the second-largest producer of manganese, contributing about 23% of total production?
Ans: Maharashtra |
|
673. In which districts of Maharashtra is manganese mainly found?
Ans: Bhandara, Nagpur, Ratnagiri |
|
674. Which state contributes about 20% of the total manganese production in India?
Ans: Madhya Pradesh |
|
675. Which Indian state accounts for 13% of the total manganese production?
Ans: Karnataka |
|
676. Which two districts in Andhra Pradesh are leading producers of manganese?
Ans: Srikakulam and Vishakhapatnam |
|
677. Which Indian state is the largest producer of copper?
Ans: Madhya Pradesh |
|
678. Which copper deposit in Madhya Pradesh is located in the Malanjkhand belt of Balaghat District?
Ans: Taregaon |
|
679. Which Indian state has the largest deposits of copper-ore but is the second-largest producer?
Ans: Rajasthan |
|
680. Which district in Rajasthan has the famous Khetri-Singhana copper belt?
Ans: Jhunjhunu |
|
681. Which copper plant in Jharkhand is known for copper smelting and also produces brass sheets, gold, silver, and nickel?
Ans: Ghatsila Copper Plant |
|
682. Which Indian state accounts for about 99% of the total chromite production?
Ans: Orissa |
|
683. In which districts of Orissa is chromite mainly mined?
Ans: Cuttack, Dhenkanal, and Keonjhar |
|
684. Which Indian state is the second-largest producer of chromite?
Ans: Karnataka |
|
685. Where is uranium mined in Jharkhand?
Ans: Jaduguda, Bhatin, Narwapahar, and Turamdih (Singhbhum East) |
|
686. Which mineral is widely used due to its heaviness, malleability, and bad conductivity of heat?
Ans: Lead |
|
687. Which Indian state is the leading producer of lead?
Ans: Rajasthan |
|
688. Which district in Rajasthan has the famous Khetri-Singhana copper belt?
Ans: Jhunjhunu |
|
689. Which mineral is mainly obtained from galena?
Ans: Lead |
|
690. Which Indian state accounts for about 99% of total zinc production?
Ans: Rajasthan |
|
691. Which mineral is used for manufacturing galvanized sheets, dry batteries, and electrodes?
Ans: Zinc |
|
692. Which mineral is obtained from wolfram ore and used in the steel industry?
Ans: Tungsten |
|
693. Which state has tungsten deposits at Degana near Rawat Hills?
Ans: Rajasthan |
|
694. Which state is the largest producer of bauxite in India?
Ans: Orissa |
|
695. Which region in Orissa has the main bauxite deposits?
Ans: Kalahandi-Koraput belt |
|
696. Which two countries import the largest share of Indias bauxite?
Ans: Italy and UK |
|
697. Which aluminum plant is located in Korba, Chhattisgarh?
Ans: Bharat Aluminium Company Limited (BALCO) |
|
698. Which state accounts for about 90% of Indias total gold production?
Ans: Karnataka |
|
699. Where is the Hutti Gold Field located?
Ans: Raichur, Karnataka |
|
700. What is the name of the gold obtained from sand and sedimentary deposits of rivers?
Ans: Placer gold |
|
701. Which river in Jharkhand is known for placer gold deposits?
Ans: Subarnarekha River |
|
702. Which state has the largest silver production in India?
Ans: Rajasthan |
|
703. Which mines in Udaipur are the largest producer of silver in India?
Ans: Zawar mines |
|
704. Which mineral is an important non-metallic resource used in the electrical industry?
Ans: Mica |
|
705. Which Indian state is the largest producer of mica?
Ans: Andhra Pradesh |
|
706. Which mineral series sprawls over Nagpur, Bhandara, and Chhindwara districts?
Ans: Saucer Series |
|
707. What is limestone mainly composed of?
Ans: An aggregate of calcium carbonate, carbonate of calcium and magnesium, or a mixture of the two. |
|
708. Which geological formation in India does not contain limestone deposits?
Ans: Gondwana |
|
709. Which industries are the primary consumers of limestone?
Ans: Cement, iron and steel, and chemical industries. |
|
710. Which are the main limestone-producing states in India?
Ans: Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, and Tamil Nadu. |
|
711. What percentage of magnesium must be present in limestone for it to be classified as dolomite?
Ans: More than 10 percent. |
|
712. Which state is the largest producer of dolomite in India?
Ans: Orissa |
|
713. What is asbestos known for?
Ans: Its fibrous structure and resistance to fire. |
|
714. Which Indian state accounts for 95% of asbestos production?
Ans: Rajasthan |
|
715. Which industries use magnesite?
Ans: Refractory bricks, cement, tiles, fireproof flooring, and steel industry. |
|
716. Which state is the largest producer of magnesite in India?
Ans: Tamil Nadu |
|
717. Which three states contribute to almost all of Indias kyanite production?
Ans: Jharkhand, Maharashtra, and Karnataka. |
|
718. Which mineral is mainly used for making ammonia sulfate and fertilizers?
Ans: Gypsum |
|
719. Which state produces 99% of Indias gypsum?
Ans: Rajasthan |
|
720. Which district in Madhya Pradesh is the main producer of diamonds in India?
Ans: Panna |
|
721. Where is Indias diamond cutting and polishing industry mainly located?
Ans: Surat, Ahmedabad, Navasari, Palanpur, Bhavnagar, Mumbai, Khambat, Jaipur, Trichur, and Goa. |
|
722. What are the primary minerals found in the Ajabgarh Series?
Ans: Biotite-schist, quartzites, and impure limestones. |
|
723. Which mineral found in the Rialo Series is famous for its quality?
Ans: Makrana marble |
|
724. Which Indian state has uranium deposits in Singhbhum and Hazaribagh?
Ans: Jharkhand |
|
725. Which type of sand is rich in uranium and found in Kerala?
Ans: Monazite sand |
|
726. What is the primary use of thorium in India?
Ans: Nuclear energy production. |
|
727. Which lake in Rajasthan contributes about 10% of Indias total salt production?
Ans: Sambhar Lake |
|
728. Which state accounts for about 50% of Indias total salt production?
Ans: Gujarat |
|
729. What is the main issue faced by Indias mining industry due to outdated methods?
Ans: Obsolete technology. |
|
730. Which policy was introduced in 1993 to liberalize Indias mining sector?
Ans: The National New Mineral Policy, 1993. |
|
731. Which country ranks first in buffalo population and second in cattle population?
Ans: India |
|
732. Into how many categories are energy resources in India classified?
Ans: Two categories: Conventional and Non-Conventional Energy |
|
733. What percentage of Indias commercial energy requirement is fulfilled by coal?
Ans: 67% |
|
734. Which geological period does Gondwana coal belong to?
Ans: Carboniferous Period |
|
735. Which coal mine in Chhattisgarh has the thickest coal seam from the Gondwana period?
Ans: Jharguda coal mine |
|
736. What percentage of Indias total coal reserves belong to the Gondwana Period?
Ans: Over 98% |
|
737. What is the carbon content range of Gondwana coal?
Ans: 60% to 90% |
|
738. Which coal is known as "brown coal"?
Ans: Tertiary Coal |
|
739. What is the carbon content of Tertiary coal found in Assam?
Ans: 50% |
|
740. Where are the largest lignite coal deposits in India located?
Ans: Neyveli, Tamil Nadu |
|
741. Which type of coal contains the highest moisture content and gives more smoke?
Ans: Peat |
|
742. What is the first stage of coal formation?
Ans: Peat |
|
743. Which type of coal is most popular for commercial use?
Ans: Bituminous Coal |
|
744. Which type of coal is mainly used in the iron and steel industry?
Ans: Coking Coal |
|
745. Which Indian states have bituminous coal reserves?
Ans: Jharkhand, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, and Madhya Pradesh |
|
746. What is the highest quality of coal, containing 80-90% carbon?
Ans: Anthracite |
|
747. Which state ranks first in coal reserves and production in India?
Ans: Jharkhand |
|
748. Which coalfield in Jharkhand is the largest and most important coal-producing mine?
Ans: Jharia Coalfield |
|
749. What percentage of Indias coking coal is produced by Jharia Coalfield?
Ans: 90% |
|
750. Which steel plants are supplied coal from Jharia Coalfield?
Ans: Asansol, Bokaro, Durgapur, and Jamshedpur |
|
751. Which coalfield in Jharkhand has the thickest Kargali seam of 37 meters?
Ans: Bokaro Coalfield |
|
752. Which coalfield in Jharkhand provides high-quality bituminous coal used in the metallurgical industry?
Ans: Giridih or Karharbari Coalfield |
|
753. What is the main use of coal from Deogarh Coalfields?
Ans: Brick kilns |
|
754. Which Indian state has the second largest coal reserves after Raniganj?
Ans: Orissa (Talcher Coalfield) |
|
755. Which coalfield in Orissa has the second largest coal reserves in the country?
Ans: Talcher Coalfield |
|
756. What is the fixed carbon percentage in Talcher coal?
Ans: 35% |
|
757. Which state has the third-largest coal reserves in India but ranks first in coal production?
Ans: Chhattisgarh |
|
758. Which is the largest coalfield in Madhya Pradesh?
Ans: Singrauli Coalfield |
|
759. What is the thickness of the Jhingurda coal seam in the Singrauli Coalfield?
Ans: 132 metres |
|
760. Which coalfield in Chhattisgarh is known for its two coal seams over 30 metres thick?
Ans: Korba Coalfield |
|
761. Which coalfield in Madhya Pradesh belongs to the coking and semi-coking category?
Ans: Pech-Kanha-Tawa Coalfield |
|
762. What is the main use of coal from the Umaria Coalfield?
Ans: Generation of thermal power |
|
763. Which is the most important coalfield in West Bengal?
Ans: Raniganj Coalfield |
|
764. What is the carbon content range in Raniganj coal?
Ans: 50 to 65 per cent |
|
765. Which coalfield in West Bengal belongs to the Tertiary Period?
Ans: Darjeeling Coalfield |
|
766. Which valley in Andhra Pradesh is known for its coal deposits?
Ans: Godavari Valley |
|
767. Which district in Andhra Pradesh has the Singareni coalfield?
Ans: Khammam |
|
768. Which state has about 8% of Indias total coal reserves?
Ans: Madhya Pradesh |
|
769. Which state has about 7% of Indias coal reserves?
Ans: Andhra Pradesh |
|
770. Which coalfield in Andhra Pradesh is located 185 km east of Hyderabad?
Ans: Singareni Coalfield |
|
771. In which valley of Maharashtra are coal deposits found?
Ans: Wardha Valley |
|
772. Which Indian state has the largest lignite deposits?
Ans: Tamil Nadu |
|
773. Which district in Tamil Nadu has the largest lignite deposits?
Ans: South Arcot (Neyveli) |
|
774. Which district in Rajasthan has lignite deposits at Palana and Khari mines?
Ans: Bikaner |
|
775. In which districts of Gujarat are lignite deposits found?
Ans: Bharuch and Kachchh |
|
776. Which Indian state has coal deposits in Raithan, Handwara, and Baramulla?
Ans: Jammu and Kashmir |
|
777. Which series of the Gondwana System is named after districts in Orissa?
Ans: Talcher Series |
|
778. Which coalfield supplies coal to the Rourkela and Jamshedpur steel plants?
Ans: Talcher Coalfield |
|
779. Which series of the Gondwana System is known for high-quality coal?
Ans: Damuda Series |
|
780. Which series of the Gondwana System does not contain coal seams?
Ans: Panchet Series |
|
781. What are the major problems of the coal mining industry in India?
Ans: Unequal distribution of coal, poor quality, inefficient transport, obsolete mining methods, power shortages, fires, and water-logging. |
|
782. Why should coking and good quality coal be reserved only for metallurgical industries?
Ans: Because it is essential for metallurgy, especially in iron and steel production. |
|
783. How can the quality of low-grade coal be improved?
Ans: By washing it and removing impurities using modern techniques. |
|
784. What is the purpose of stopping selective mining by law?
Ans: To ensure all possible grades of coal are obtained from all mines. |
|
785. Why should thermal power plants be located at pit-heads?
Ans: To enhance power generation efficiency by reducing transportation costs. |
|
786. Which basin in India has the largest area for petroleum and natural gas exploration?
Ans: The Ganga Valley Basin (385,000 sq km). |
|
787. Why does crude oil not occur at its place of formation?
Ans: Because it migrates and accumulates in anticlines above the water surface. |
|
788. Which is the largest petroleum-producing oilfield in India?
Ans: The Bombay High Oilfield. |
|
789. When did production start at Bombay High Oilfield?
Ans: In 1976. |
|
790. Which offshore oilfield lies to the south of Bombay High?
Ans: Bassein Oilfield. |
|
791. Where is the Aliabet Oilfield located?
Ans: About 45 km south of Bhavnagar. |
|
792. Which region is the second largest oil-producing area in India?
Ans: The Gujarat Coast. |
|
793. Which district in Gujarat contains the Ankleshwar oilfield?
Ans: Bharuch district. |
|
794. When did oil production start in the Cambay-Luni region?
Ans: In 1958. |
|
795. Which refinery processes crude oil from the Ankleshwar oilfield?
Ans: The Koyali refinery. |
|
796. Where has petroleum been discovered on the Eastern Coast?
Ans: In the marine delta regions of Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri rivers. |
|
797. Which offshore field in the Godavari-Krishna basin is expected to produce 3 million tonnes of crude oil annually?
Ans: The Rawa field. |
|
798. Where was crude oil first discovered in the Brahmaputra Valley?
Ans: In the Dehang Basin. |
|
799. Which are the main oil-producing districts in Upper Assam?
Ans: Dibrugarh and Sibsagar districts. |
|
800. Which is the oldest oilfield in India?
Ans: The Digboi Oilfield. |
|
801. How many oil wells are there in the Digboi Oilfield?
Ans: 85 oil wells. |
|
802. Where is the Naharkatiya Oilfield located?
Ans: About 35 km southwest of Digboi. |
|
803. Which pipeline was completed in 1968 to transport crude oil from Assam to Bihar?
Ans: The Lakwa-Rudrasagar-Barauni Pipeline. |
|
804. Which is the longest gas pipeline in India?
Ans: The Hajira-Bijaipur-Jagdishpur (HBJ) Gas Pipeline (1750 km). |
|
805. Which pipeline transports imported crude oil from the Kandla seaport to the Bhatinda refinery?
Ans: The Kandla-Bhatinda Pipeline. |
|
806. Which pipeline connects Mumbai to Bombay High for crude oil and natural gas transport?
Ans: The Mumbai-Bombay High pipeline (210 km). |
|
807. Which river is the Bhakra Nangal Project constructed across?
Ans: Satluj River |
|
808. What is the name of the reservoir of the Bhakra Nangal Dam?
Ans: Gobind Sagar |
|
809. Which states are involved in the Bhakra Nangal Project?
Ans: Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan |
|
810. Which river is called the "Sorrow of Bengal"?
Ans: Damodar River |
|
811. How many dams were constructed under the Damodar Valley Project?
Ans: Four |
|
812. Which dam under the Damodar Valley Project is the only concrete dam in the area?
Ans: Tilaiya Dam |
|
813. Which dam provides cooling water to the Bokaro Steel Plant?
Ans: Konar Dam |
|
814. Where is the Dool Hasti Project located?
Ans: Doda district, Jammu Division |
|
815. What is the installed capacity of the Gandhi Sagar Dam?
Ans: 115 MW |
|
816. Which project was found to have increased floods and droughts due to siltation?
Ans: Hirakud Project |
|
817. What is the primary function of the Nangal Project?
Ans: Generating electricity and supplying water to the Bhakra canals |
|
818. Which dam is located about 40 km north of Rana Pratap Sagar?
Ans: Jawahar Sagar Dam |
|
819. Which project was a result of an agreement between India and Nepal in 1954?
Ans: Kosi Project |
|
820. In which district of Maharashtra is the Koyna Project located?
Ans: Satara District |
|
821. Which two states jointly developed the Machkund Project?
Ans: Andhra Pradesh and Odisha |
|
822. Which river does the Mahi Project utilize?
Ans: Mahi River |
|
823. Which project supplies electricity to Murshidabad and Birbhum in West Bengal?
Ans: Mayurakshi Project |
|
824. Which dam was built in 1937 across a tributary of the Kaveri River?
Ans: Mettur Dam |
|
825. What is the installed capacity of the Nagarjuna Sagar Project?
Ans: 210 MW |
|
826. Which project was constructed across the Godavari River in Adilabad District?
Ans: Pochampad Project |
|
827. Which river does the Periyar Project use?
Ans: Periyar River |
|
828. Where is the Rana Pratap Sagar Dam located?
Ans: Kota District, Rajasthan |
|
829. Which is the largest multipurpose project of Uttar Pradesh?
Ans: Rihand Project |
|
830. Which project was inaugurated in 1986 and has an installed capacity of 750 MW?
Ans: Salal Project |
|
831. What is the installed capacity of the Rana Pratap Sagar Dam?
Ans: 99MW |
|
832. Which river is the Sardar Sarovar Dam constructed across?
Ans: Narmada River |
|
833. What is the installed capacity of the Sardar Sarovar Dam when completed?
Ans: 1450 MW |
|
834. Which Indian dam was built in 1902 to supply electricity to Kolar Gold Mines?
Ans: Shivasamudram Dam |
|
835. Which left-bank tributary of the Narmada River has the Tawa Dam built on it?
Ans: Tawa River |
|
836. What is the installed capacity of the Tawa Dam for hydro-electricity generation?
Ans: 150 MW |
|
837. In which district of Uttarakhand is the Tehri Dam located?
Ans: Tehri District |
|
838. Which country provided technical and economic aid for the construction of Tehri Dam?
Ans: Soviet Union (Russia) |
|
839. What is the total irrigation coverage of the Tehri Dam?
Ans: 2.74 lakh hectares |
|
840. Which river is the Tungabhadra Project constructed on?
Ans: Tungabhadra River |
|
841. What is the installed hydroelectric capacity of the Tungabhadra Project?
Ans: 126 MW |
|
842. Which dam was launched to harness the Tapi Rivers water?
Ans: Ukai Dam |
|
843. What is the installed capacity of the Ukai Project?
Ans: 300 MW |
|
844. Which state has the largest installation of wind turbines in India?
Ans: Tamil Nadu |
|
845. Which is the largest wind farm in Asia located in Gujarat?
Ans: Lamba Wind Farm |
|
846. Which was the first nuclear power station in India?
Ans: Tarapur Atomic Power Station |
|
847. Which organization was established in 1954 and later renamed as BARC?
Ans: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) |
|
848. Which year was the Rawatbhata Atomic Plant established?
Ans: 1969 |
|
849. Which Indian nuclear power station was established in 1993?
Ans: Kakrapara Atomic Power Station |
|
850. What is the main source of geothermal energy in Jammu and Kashmir?
Ans: Puga Valley |
|
851. Which valley in India has the potential for geothermal energy generation?
Ans: Narmada-Son Valley |
|
852. Which major thermal power station is located in Chhattisgarh?
Ans: Korba Thermal Power Station |
|
853. Which renewable energy source is the most important in India?
Ans: Solar Energy |
|
854. What is the estimated wind energy potential in India?
Ans: More than 20,000 MW |
|
855. Which Gulf in India is suitable for tidal energy generation?
Ans: Gulf of Khambat |
|
856. Which state in India has the highest bio-gas production?
Ans: Maharashtra |
|
857. What is the term used for the domestication of plants and animals?
Ans: Agriculture |
|
858. Which latitudinal zones allow India to produce two or more crops in a year?
Ans: Tropical and subtropical latitudes |
|
859. What is the primary characteristic of Indian agriculture?
Ans: Subsistent in character |
|
860. What is a major reason for the small size of landholdings in India?
Ans: Fragmentation of fields |
|
861. What type of agriculture is predominant in India, rain-fed or irrigated?
Ans: Rain-fed agriculture |
|
862. Why is Indian agriculture considered labour-intensive?
Ans: Due to the reliance on human and animal labour over mechanization |
|
863. Which factor significantly influences the distribution of rainfall in India?
Ans: Topographical features |
|
864. What agricultural practice is performed on undulating topography?
Ans: Tea plantations |
|
865. At what altitude do apple orchards grow well in India?
Ans: Above 1500 meters |
|
866. Which physical factor affects the cultivation of crops by altering rainfall distribution?
Ans: Slope and altitude |
|
867. Which Indian states have large areas affected by gullied land, such as the Chambal ravines?
Ans: Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh |
|
868. What is the minimum temperature required for the germination of wheat and barley?
Ans: 5°C |
|
869. What is the upper temperature limit beyond which plant growth is affected?
Ans: 60°C |
|
870. Which crops are damaged or killed by frost?
Ans: Rice, sugarcane, jute, cotton, chilli, and tomatoes |
|
871. What happens to crops when exposed to high temperatures above 40°C with inadequate moisture?
Ans: They dry up |
|
872. What type of crops require over 18°C even in the coldest months?
Ans: Tropical crops like cocoa, coffee, spices, squash, rubber, and tobacco |
|
873. Which climatic factor is more important than temperature for crop production?
Ans: Moisture |
|
874. What is the term used when the amount of water needed for transpiration exceeds availability?
Ans: Soil drought |
|
875. Which Indian regions are considered drought-prone?
Ans: Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Bundelkhand (U.P.), Uttarakhand, H.P., J&K, Punjab, and Haryana |
|
876. Which climatic factor can lead to hazardous floods affecting crops and livestock?
Ans: Melting of snow |
|
877. How do strong winds affect agricultural production?
Ans: They break plant structures, dislodge cereals, and strip fruit and nut crops |
|
878. Which type of soil is most suitable for wheat, barley, gram, oilseeds, pulses, and sugarcane?
Ans: Alluvial soil |
|
879. What is the primary institutional factor affecting agriculture in India?
Ans: Land tenure and land tenancy |
|
880. Which soil type is ideal for cotton cultivation?
Ans: Regur soil (black soil) |
|
881. What is a major issue with saline and alkaline soils?
Ans: They require reclamation with chemical fertilizers and biological manures |
|
882. What is the basic objective of land reform in India?
Ans: To ensure social justice, provide security to cultivators, fix rational rent, and increase agricultural productivity. |
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883. What does the concept of land reforms aim to achieve?
Ans: Abolition of intermediaries and bringing the actual cultivator in direct contact with the state. |
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884. Which system was abolished as part of land reforms?
Ans: Intermediary systems like Zamindari. |
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885. What is one of the major components of land tenancy reforms?
Ans: Regulation of rent and security of tenure for tenants. |
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886. Why was a ceiling imposed on land holdings?
Ans: To distribute surplus land to landless laborers and small farmers. |
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887. What is consolidation of holdings?
Ans: Bringing together scattered fields of a farmer into a compact block. |
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888. What was a major hurdle in implementing land consolidation in India?
Ans: Resistance from landowners and legal complications. |
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889. When was the computerized land records scheme introduced in India?
Ans: 1988-89. |
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890. How many districts have implemented computerized land records as of now?
Ans: 582 out of 640 districts. |
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891. When was crop insurance introduced in India?
Ans: 1985. |
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892. What is the objective of crop insurance in India?
Ans: To provide financial support to farmers in case of crop failure due to natural calamities. |
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893. Who is known as the Father of the Green Revolution in India?
Ans: Dr. M.S. Swaminathan. |
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894. Where were the first high-yielding varieties of wheat bred?
Ans: Mexico. |
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895. Which organization developed the IR-8 (miracle rice)?
Ans: International Rice Research Institute, Manila. |
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896. Which Indian plains saw the first adoption of Green Revolution techniques?
Ans: Satluj-Ganga Plains and Kaveri Delta. |
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897. Which crops were first hybridized under the Green Revolution in India?
Ans: Maize, bajra, and millets. |
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898. What is one major geographical constraint of Green Revolution seeds?
Ans: Less resistance to droughts and floods. |
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899. What is a major environmental issue caused by the Green Revolution?
Ans: Depletion of underground water table. |
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900. What is salination in agriculture?
Ans: Accumulation of salts in soil, reducing fertility. |
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901. Which regions in India are affected by soil salinity?
Ans: Punjab (kallar or thur) and Uttar Pradesh (reh). |
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902. Which issue is caused by over-irrigation in Green Revolution areas?
Ans: Waterlogging. |
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903. What is one socio-economic issue resulting from the Green Revolution?
Ans: Increased income disparity among farmers. |
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904. Which crops benefited the most from the Green Revolution in India?
Ans: Wheat and rice. |
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905. Which Indian states benefited the most from the Green Revolution?
Ans: Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh. |
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906. Which train is known as the "Cancer Train" due to pesticide exposure among farmers?
Ans: Train from Punjab to Bikaner for cancer treatment. |
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907. What is the White Revolution in India?
Ans: The White Revolution in India refers to the package program adopted to increase milk production. |
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908. Which organization was established in 1970 to promote dairy development in India?
Ans: The National Dairy Development Board (NDDB). |
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909. Who is known as the father of the White Revolution in India?
Ans: Prof. Varghese Kurien |
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910. Which state was the first to establish dairy development through cooperative societies?
Ans: Gujarat. |
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911. Which district in Gujarat was most successful in dairy cooperatives?
Ans: Anand District. |
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912. What was the increase in milk production due to the White Revolution also called?
Ans: Operation Flood. |
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913. Name one key objective of the White Revolution.
Ans: Provide superior breeds of cattle and veterinary treatment. |
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914. What impact did the White Revolution have on Indias milk production?
Ans: India became the leading producer of milk in the world. |
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915. What was the role of research centers in the success of Operation Flood?
Ans: Research centers at Anand, Mehsana, and Palanpur helped in dairy development. |
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916. When was the Livestock Insurance Scheme approved?
Ans: February 2006. |
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917. What is aquaculture?
Ans: The cultivation of aquatic organisms under controlled conditions. |
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918. What is mariculture?
Ans: A branch of aquaculture involving the cultivation of marine organisms in seawater environments. |
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919. Which country has been practicing aquaculture since 2500 BC?
Ans: China. |
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920. What is fish farming?
Ans: The commercial raising of fish in tanks or enclosures for food. |
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921. What is integrated multi-trophic aquaculture?
Ans: A system where waste from one species is recycled to benefit another species in aquaculture. |
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922. Which country is the largest producer of farmed shrimp?
Ans: Thailand. |
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923. Which Indian state is known for modern shrimp farming?
Ans: Andhra Pradesh (Nellore District). |
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924. What is the Blue Revolution?
Ans: A program aimed at increasing fish and marine product production in India. |
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925. During which Five-Year Plan did the Blue Revolution start?
Ans: Fifth Five-Year Plan. |
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926. Which agency was set up under the Blue Revolution to develop aquaculture?
Ans: Brackish Water Fish Farms Development Agency. |
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927. Which Indian district is called the "Shrimp Capital of India"?
Ans: Nellore District of Andhra Pradesh. |
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928. Which Indian state is the leading producer of marine fish?
Ans: Kerala. |
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929. Why is fish production higher in the Arabian Sea?
Ans: Due to the broader continental shelf. |
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930. What is the name of the board set up to promote fisheries development in India?
Ans: National Fisheries Development Board. |
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931. What are the key problems affecting fisheries development in India?
Ans: Pollution, lack of marketing facilities, and inadequate research and extension services. |
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932. What are the main objectives of the Second Green Revolution?
Ans: To raise agricultural productivity, emphasize biotechnology, promote sustainable agriculture, achieve self-sufficiency in food and raw materials, and improve farmers income. |
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933. Which Five-Year Plan highlighted a holistic framework for the Second Green Revolution?
Ans: Eleventh Five-Year Plan |
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934. What strategy was suggested to raise agricultural output in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan?
Ans: Doubling irrigated areas, improving water management, reclaiming degraded land, bridging knowledge gaps, diversifying high-value crops, providing easy credit, improving market structures, and refocusing land reforms. |
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935. Why is the cultivation of pulses emphasized in the Second Green Revolution?
Ans: Due to limited availability overseas, developing hybrid varieties is necessary for increasing domestic production. |
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936. What is the National Agricultural Innovation Project?
Ans: A project initiated in July 2006 to enhance livelihood security through farmer partnerships, Panchayati Raj institutions, and private sector collaboration. |
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937. What are the three categories of beekeepers?
Ans: Commercial beekeepers, Sideliners, and Hobbyists. |
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938. What are the three types of bees in a colony?
Ans: A queen, worker bees, and drones. |
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939. Which type of bee is responsible for reproduction in a colony?
Ans: The queen. |
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940. What is sericulture?
Ans: The practice of raising silkworms to produce silk. |
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941. What is the primary diet of silkworm larvae?
Ans: Mulberry leaves. |
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942. Which state is the largest producer of raw silk in India?
Ans: Karnataka. |
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943. What are the major silk-producing states in India?
Ans: Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, and Assam. |
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944. What is the Silver Revolution in India?
Ans: The rapid growth of poultry farming in India. |
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945. Why is poultry farming significant for the rural population?
Ans: It requires small capital, provides additional income, and creates job opportunities. |
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946. What was the first outbreak of Avian Influenza in India?
Ans: The first outbreak occurred in Maharashtras Nandurbar district on February 18, 2006. |
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947. What is the role of the Central Poultry Development Organisation?
Ans: To implement government policies for poultry farming, improve indigenous bird varieties, and analyze feed samples. |
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948. Which organization is responsible for implementing the Dairy/Poultry Venture Capital Fund scheme?
Ans: NABARD through nationalized commercial banks. |
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949. What is dry farming?
Ans: Agricultural practices in areas with less than 75 cm of annual rainfall and dry conditions. |
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950. Which states have significant dry farming areas in India?
Ans: Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Odisha, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, and Tamil Nadu. |
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951. What are the main crops grown in dry farming areas?
Ans: Maize, millets, bajra, pulses, groundnut, oilseeds, and fodder. |
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952. What are the major challenges faced in dry farming?
Ans: Scarcity of rainfall, soil erosion, low yield, lack of irrigation, and high vulnerability to droughts. |
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953. How can dry farming be improved?
Ans: Water harvesting, drought-resistant seeds, soil conservation, crop spacing, short-duration crops, and organic manure application. |
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954. What is the role of moisture conservation in dry farming?
Ans: It helps retain soil moisture through repeated plowing, fallowing land, and covering soil with straw. |
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955. Why is livestock keeping important in dry farming regions?
Ans: It provides an additional source of income and supports agriculture in low-rainfall areas. |
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956. What are some government strategies to improve dry farming?
Ans: Providing subsidized drought-resistant seeds, promoting research, enhancing soil fertility, and supporting irrigation infrastructure. |
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957. How is agribusiness defined by Johnston and colleagues?
Ans: Farming organisation applying modern management techniques and accounting methods with the aim of maximising final profit. |
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958. How does agribusiness differ between the USA and Western Europe?
Ans: In the USA, food processing companies own farms as subsidiaries, whereas in Western Europe, large farming companies are independent of food processors. |
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959. What are the main components of agribusiness in a modern national economy?
Ans: Production, processing, and distribution of food and fibre products and by-products. |
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960. What is one characteristic of agribusiness related to management structure?
Ans: It has a hierarchical system of management with financial administrators, accountants, and farm managers. |
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961. What recommendation did the National Commission on Farmers make regarding land and water?
Ans: Asset reforms covering land, water, livestock, and bio-resources. |
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962. What is a key marketing-related recommendation of the National Commission on Farmers?
Ans: Assured and remunerative marketing. |
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963. What constitutional change was suggested by the National Commission on Farmers?
Ans: Bringing agriculture into the Concurrent List of the Constitution. |
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964. What economic organization was recommended by the National Commission on Farmers to support trade?
Ans: Setting up of an India Trade Organisation. |
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965. What is one major challenge facing Indian agriculture related to environmental degradation?
Ans: Soil erosion. |
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966. What policy was announced by the Government of India on 25th July, 2000?
Ans: The New National Agricultural Policy. |
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967. What is the target growth rate set by the New National Agricultural Policy?
Ans: 4 percent per annum. |
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968. How does the New National Agricultural Policy aim to protect farmers from economic risks?
Ans: By protecting farmers against the adverse effects of WTO agreements and fluctuations in agricultural prices. |
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969. What initiative was recommended to improve non-farm livelihoods in rural areas?
Ans: Launch of a Rural-Non-Farm Livelihood Initiative. |
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970. Which infrastructure development measures are emphasized in the New National Agricultural Policy?
Ans: Rural electrification, rural roads, and development of irrigation. |
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971. What sectoral focus areas are highlighted in the New National Agricultural Policy?
Ans: Horticulture, floriculture, animal husbandry, and fisheries. |